Current Environment: Production

Medical Services

Specialties

Programs & Services

Languages

  • English

Education

Undergraduate School

Princeton University

1991, Princeton, NJ

Medical School

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

1995, New York, NY

Internship

Pediatrics

University of California at San Francisco

1996, San Francisco, CA

Residency

Pediatrics

University of California at San Francisco

1998, San Fransisco, CA

Fellowship

Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

Harvard Combined Residency Program (BCRP)

2001, Boston, MA

Graduate School

Harvard School of Public Health

2004, Boston, MA

Certifications

  • American Board of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology)

Professional History

Dr. Lightdale is the Associate Chief of the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Boston Children’s Hospital. She was previously the Division Chief of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at UMass Memorial Children’s Medical Center, where she also served as Vice-Chair of the Department of Pediatrics. She is a graduate of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY, and completed her residency at the University of California in San Francisco, a post-graduate fellowship at the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, and fellowships in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Health Services Research at Harvard University. Dr. Lightdale received her Master's degree from the Harvard School of Public Health.

Dr. Lightdale specializes in evaluating and treating infants and children with a broad range of gastrointestinal disorders, especially feeding difficulties, abdominal pain, constipation, GERD and food allergies.  She also has advanced expertise in endoscopy. She has received funding from the NIH and other organizations to investigate patient safety and pediatric sedation.

Publications

  1. Associations of Infant Colic and Excessive Crying With Atopic Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescence. J Pediatr. 2025 Apr 23; 283:114623. View Abstract

  2. NASPGHAN leadership response to Dr. Wenner letter to editor. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Mar 27. View Abstract

  3. National perspectives of barriers by insurance and pharmacy benefit managers in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. JPGN Rep. 2025 May; 6(2):80-90. View Abstract

  4. Advances in Pediatric Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2024 Dec; 53(4):539-555. View Abstract

  5. Early-life risk factors for both infant colic and excessive crying without colic. Pediatr Res. 2025 Apr; 97(5):1537-1545. View Abstract

  6. Evaluation of the Prime Diet Quality Score from Early Childhood Through Mid-Adolescence. J Nutr. 2024 06; 154(6):1890-1906. View Abstract

  7. Pediatric endoscopy: how can we improve patient outcomes and ensure best practices? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jan-Feb; 18(1-3):89-102. View Abstract

  8. The 2022 top 10 list of endoscopy topics in medical publishing: an annual review by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Editorial Board. Gastrointest Endosc. 2023 12; 98(6):1009-1016. View Abstract

  9. Promoting Research that Supports High-Quality Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2023 Nov; 25(11):333-343. View Abstract

  10. Female Excellence and Leadership in Pediatrics Subspecialties (FLEXPeds): Creating a Network for Women Across Academic Pediatrics. J Pediatr. 2023 12; 263:113512. View Abstract

  11. The Evolution of Sedation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2023 Apr; 33(2):213-234. View Abstract

  12. Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network (PEnQuIN) quality standards and indicators for pediatric endoscopy: an ASGE-endorsed guideline. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 10; 96(4):593-602. View Abstract

  13. GIE Editorial Board Top 10: advances in GI endoscopy in 2021. Gastrointest Endosc. 2022 12; 96(6):1062-1070. View Abstract

  14. Association of cow's milk intake in early childhood with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in early adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2022 08 04; 116(2):561-571. View Abstract

  15. Timing of Cow's Milk Protein Introduction and Childhood Adverse Reactions to Cow's Milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 10; 10(10):2713-2721.e2. View Abstract

  16. Editorial: Pediatric Endoscopy and Sedation. Front Pediatr. 2022; 10:875156. View Abstract

  17. The Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guidelines: A Global Path to Quality for Pediatric Endoscopy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 03 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S1-S2. View Abstract

  18. Overview of the Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Quality Standards and Indicators for Pediatric Endoscopy: A Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guideline. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 03 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S3-S15. View Abstract

  19. Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Quality Standards and Indicators for Pediatric Endoscopy Facilities: A Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guideline. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 03 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S16-S29. View Abstract

  20. Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Quality Standards and Indicators for Pediatric Endoscopic Procedures: A Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guideline. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 03 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S30-S43. View Abstract

  21. Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Quality Standards and Indicators for Pediatric Endoscopists and Endoscopists in Training: A Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guideline. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 03 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S44-S52. View Abstract

  22. Pediatric Endoscopy Quality Improvement Network Pediatric Endoscopy Reporting Elements: A Joint NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN Guideline. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022 Mar 01; 74(S1 Suppl 1):S53-S62. View Abstract

  23. Variation in Pediatric Anesthesiologist Sedation Practices for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Front Pediatr. 2021; 9:709433. View Abstract

  24. Physician Perspectives about Telemedicine: Considering the Usability of Telemedicine in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021 07 01; 73(1):42-47. View Abstract

  25. GIE Editorial Board top 10 topics: advances in GI endoscopy in 2020. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021 Sep; 94(3):441-451. View Abstract

  26. MacGyver and Rapunzel in the Pediatric Endoscopy Suite. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 08; 71(2):147-148. View Abstract

  27. Can Electronic HEALTH Record Systems Finally Work for us? Exploring the Potential for Electronic HEALTH Records to Generate Accurate Data for Clinical Compensation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 05; 70(5):540-541. View Abstract

  28. Mitigating Risks of Swallowed Button Batteries: New Strategies Before and After Removal. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 05; 70(5):542-546. View Abstract

  29. Socioeconomic disparities in the comorbidities and surgical management of pediatric Crohn's disease. Pediatr Res. 2020 12; 88(6):887-893. View Abstract

  30. Sedation and the Food and Drug Administration Warning: What a Pediatric Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist, and Pancreatologist Should Know. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 07; 69(1):3-5. View Abstract

  31. Pediatric Endoscopy and High-risk Patients: A Clinical Report From the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 04; 68(4):595-606. View Abstract

  32. Can Pediatric Endoscopists Accurately Assess Their Clinical Competency? A Comparison Across Skill Levels. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 03; 68(3):311-317. View Abstract

  33. Evaluating Patient-Centered Outcomes in Clinical Trials of Procedural Sedation, Part 2 Safety: Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research Recommendations. Anesth Analg. 2018 11; 127(5):1146-1154. View Abstract

  34. Vomiting in Children. Pediatr Rev. 2018 Jul; 39(7):342-358. View Abstract

  35. Efficacy Outcome Measures for Pediatric Procedural Sedation Clinical Trials: An ACTTION Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2018 03; 126(3):956-967. View Abstract

  36. Clinical and economic burden of procedural sedation-related adverse events and their outcomes: analysis from five countries. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018; 14:393-401. View Abstract

  37. Guidelines for sedation and anesthesia in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018 02; 87(2):327-337. View Abstract

  38. Patient safety during procedural sedation using capnography monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 06 30; 7(6):e013402. View Abstract

  39. Correlation of endoscopic disease severity with pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index score in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 May 14; 23(18):3322-3329. View Abstract

  40. Outcomes From Pediatric Gastroenterology Maintenance of Certification Using Web-based Modules. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 05; 64(5):671-678. View Abstract

  41. The role of endoscopy in subepithelial lesions of the GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 06; 85(6):1117-1132. View Abstract

  42. NASPGHAN Capsule Endoscopy Clinical Report. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 03; 64(3):485-494. View Abstract

  43. Evaluating Patient-Centered Outcomes in Clinical Trials of Procedural Sedation, Part 1 Efficacy: Sedation Consortium on Endpoints and Procedures for Treatment, Education, and Research Recommendations. Anesth Analg. 2017 03; 124(3):821-830. View Abstract

  44. Guidelines for privileging, credentialing, and proctoring to perform GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 02; 85(2):273-281. View Abstract

  45. The Utility of the Systemic Inflammatory Respsonse Syndrome Score on Admission in Children With Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2017 01; 46(1):106-109. View Abstract

  46. The Gut Speaks: Reframing the Role of Pediatric Gastroenterologists Caring for Children With Autism and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016 09; 63(3):313-4. View Abstract

  47. Adverse events associated with ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Jan; 85(1):32-47. View Abstract

  48. Sedation and Monitoring in the Pediatric Patient during Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2016 Jul; 26(3):507-25. View Abstract

  49. The role of endoscopy in the management of suspected small-bowel bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017 Jan; 85(1):22-31. View Abstract

  50. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jul; 84(1):1-9. View Abstract

  51. Discrepancies Between Prescribed and Actual Pediatric Home Parenteral Nutrition Solutions. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016 Oct; 31(5):654-8. View Abstract

  52. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory pancreatic fluid collections. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Mar; 83(3):481-8. View Abstract

  53. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of patients with solid pancreatic neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jan; 83(1):17-28. View Abstract

  54. Pediatric Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2016 Jan; 26(1):xv-xvi. View Abstract

  55. The management of antithrombotic agents for patients undergoing GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jan; 83(1):3-16. View Abstract

  56. Measuring Quality in Pediatric Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2016 Jan; 26(1):47-62. View Abstract

  57. Race and ethnicity considerations in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Oct; 82(4):593-9. View Abstract

  58. The role of endoscopy in ampullary and duodenal adenomas. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Nov; 82(5):773-81. View Abstract

  59. The role of deep enteroscopy in the management of small-bowel disorders. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Oct; 82(4):600-7. View Abstract

  60. The role of endoscopy in benign pancreatic disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Aug; 82(2):203-14. View Abstract

  61. Use of Acid Suppression Medication is Associated With Risk for C. difficile Infection in Infants and Children: A Population-based Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 15; 61(6):912-7. View Abstract

  62. The role of endoscopy in dyspepsia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Aug; 82(2):227-32. View Abstract

  63. The role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery patient. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2015 May-Jun; 11(3):507-17. View Abstract

  64. The role of endoscopy in the management of premalignant and malignant conditions of the stomach. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Jul; 82(1):1-8. View Abstract

  65. Shared care: a quality improvement initiative to optimize primary care management of constipation. Pediatrics. 2015 May; 135(5):e1300-7. View Abstract

  66. Risk factors for complications in infants and children with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes. J Pediatr. 2015 Jun; 166(6):1514-9.e1. View Abstract

  67. Open-access endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 81(6):1326-9. View Abstract

  68. The role of endoscopy in the management of GERD. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 81(6):1305-10. View Abstract

  69. The gastrointestinal endoscopy competency assessment tool for pediatric colonoscopy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Apr; 60(4):474-80. View Abstract

  70. The role of endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 May; 81(5):1101-21.e1-13. View Abstract

  71. 13-year-old girl with recurrent, episodic, persistent vomiting: out of the pot and into the fire. Pediatrics. 2015 Apr; 135(4):e1060-3. View Abstract

  72. The role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery patient. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 May; 81(5):1063-72. View Abstract

  73. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr; 81(4):795-803. View Abstract

  74. Bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr; 81(4):781-94. View Abstract

  75. Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Jan; 81(1):81-9. View Abstract

  76. Development of the gastrointestinal endoscopy competency assessment tool for pediatric colonoscopy (GiECAT KIDS). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Oct; 59(4):480-6. View Abstract

  77. Coping with college and inflammatory bowel disease: implications for clinical guidance and support. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Sep; 20(9):1618-27. View Abstract

  78. The role of endoscopy in the management of constipation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Oct; 80(4):563-565. View Abstract

  79. The role of endoscopy in the management of variceal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Aug; 80(2):221-7. View Abstract

  80. Effectiveness of anti-TNFa for Crohn disease: research in a pediatric learning health system. Pediatrics. 2014 Jul; 134(1):37-44. View Abstract

  81. Good agreement between endoscopic findings and biopsy reports supports limited tissue sampling during pediatric colonoscopy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Jun; 58(6):773-8. View Abstract

  82. Routine laboratory testing before endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Jul; 80(1):28-33. View Abstract

  83. The role of endoscopy in the patient with lower GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Jun; 79(6):875-85. View Abstract

  84. Externally removable stents in the treatment of benign recalcitrant strictures and esophageal perforations in pediatric patients with esophageal atresia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Aug; 80(2):246-52. View Abstract

  85. Modifications in endoscopic practice for pediatric patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 May; 79(5):699-710. View Abstract

  86. Assessment of hemoglobin threshold for packed RBC transfusion in a medical-surgical PICU. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014 Feb; 15(2):e89-94. View Abstract

  87. Use of the i2b2 research query tool to conduct a matched case-control clinical research study: advantages, disadvantages and methodological considerations. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014 Jan 30; 14:16. View Abstract

  88. The role of endoscopy in the evaluation and management of dysphagia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Feb; 79(2):191-201. View Abstract

  89. Long-term outcomes of infants and children undergoing percutaneous endoscopy gastrostomy tube placement. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Nov; 57(5):663-7. View Abstract

  90. Risk factors, morbidity, and treatment of thrombosis in children and young adults with active inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013 Sep; 57(3):343-7. View Abstract

  91. Economic evaluation of cell salvage in pediatric surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013 Nov; 23(11):1027-34. View Abstract

  92. Risk factors for urolithiasis in gastrostomy tube fed children: a case-control study. Pediatrics. 2013 Jul; 132(1):e167-74. View Abstract

  93. Adverse events associated with EUS and EUS with FNA. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Jun; 77(6):839-43. View Abstract

  94. Modifications in endoscopic practice for the elderly. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Jul; 78(1):1-7. View Abstract

  95. Role of endoscopy in the staging and management of colorectal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Jul; 78(1):8-12. View Abstract

  96. Gastroesophageal reflux: management guidance for the pediatrician. Pediatrics. 2013 May; 131(5):e1684-95. View Abstract

  97. Answering questions on call: pediatric resident physicians' use of handoffs and other resources. J Hosp Med. 2013 Jun; 8(6):328-33. View Abstract

  98. Sexual orientation and functional pain in U.S. young adults: the mediating role of childhood abuse. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1):e54702. View Abstract

  99. The role of endoscopy in Barrett's esophagus and other premalignant conditions of the esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012 Dec; 76(6):1087-94. View Abstract

  100. The role of endoscopy in the management of acute non-variceal upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012 Jun; 75(6):1132-8. View Abstract

  101. Multisociety sedation curriculum for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jul; 143(1):e18-41. View Abstract

  102. Multisociety sedation curriculum for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012 Jul; 76(1):e1-25. View Abstract

  103. Multisociety Sedation Curriculum for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 22. View Abstract

  104. Impact of a conservative red blood cell transfusion strategy in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 May; 18(5):813-7. View Abstract

  105. On the cost-effectiveness of the use of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Nov; 53(5):473. View Abstract

  106. Agreement between patient- and physician-completed Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scores. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Jun; 52(6):708-13. View Abstract

  107. A Pilot Study of Ketamine versus Midazolam/Fentanyl Sedation in Children Undergoing GI Endoscopy. Int J Pediatr. 2011; 2011:623710. View Abstract

  108. Perceptions of simulation-based training in crisis resource management in the endoscopy unit. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2011 Jan-Feb; 34(1):42-8. View Abstract

  109. Effects of simulation versus traditional tutorial-based training on physiologic stress levels among clinicians: a pilot study. Simul Healthc. 2010 Oct; 5(5):272-8. View Abstract

  110. Patient handoffs: pediatric resident experiences and lessons learned. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011 Jan; 50(1):57-63. View Abstract

  111. Fellow perceptions of training using computer-based endoscopy simulators. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Jul; 72(1):13-8. View Abstract

  112. Small bowel intussusception in celiac disease: revisiting a classic association. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Mar; 50(3):237. View Abstract

  113. Global Assessment of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Skills (GAGES): a valid measurement tool for technical skills in flexible endoscopy. Surg Endosc. 2010 Aug; 24(8):1834-41. View Abstract

  114. How should we establish the clinical case numbers required to achieve proficiency in flexible endoscopy? Am J Surg. 2010 Jan; 199(1):121-5. View Abstract

  115. Nurse reports of adverse events during sedation procedures at a pediatric hospital. J Perianesth Nurs. 2009 Oct; 24(5):300-6. View Abstract

  116. Agitation during procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2010 Jan; 49(1):35-42. View Abstract

  117. Endoscopic sedation in pediatric practice. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2008 Oct; 18(4):739-51, ix. View Abstract

  118. Efficiency of propofol versus midazolam and fentanyl sedation at a pediatric teaching hospital: a prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Jun; 67(7):1067-75. View Abstract

  119. Sedation of the pediatric and adolescent patient for GI procedures. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2007 Oct; 10(5):412-21. View Abstract

  120. Methods of sedation in pediatric endoscopy: a survey of NASPGHAN members. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Oct; 45(4):500-2. View Abstract

  121. Percutaneous liver biopsy practice patterns among pediatric gastroenterologists in North America. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Jul; 45(1):84-9. View Abstract

  122. Sedation and anesthesia in pediatric endoscopy: one size does not fit all. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Mar; 44(3):295-7. View Abstract

  123. Microstream capnography improves patient monitoring during moderate sedation: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2006 Jun; 117(6):e1170-8. View Abstract

  124. Sedation and analgesia in the pediatric patient. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2004 Apr; 14(2):385-99. View Abstract

  125. Breastfeeding, food choices, restrictive diets, and nutritional fads. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2002 Jun; 14(3):344-9. View Abstract

  126. Effects of intravenous secretin on language and behavior of children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: a single-blinded, open-label pilot study. Pediatrics. 2001 Nov; 108(5):E90. View Abstract

  127. Updates in pediatric nutrition. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2001 Jun; 13(3):280-8. View Abstract

  128. Updates in pediatric nutrition. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2000 Jun; 12(3):282-90. View Abstract

  129. Laboratory evaluation of hepatitis. Pediatr Rev. 2000 May; 21(5):178. View Abstract

  130. Secretin: cure or snake oil for autism in the new millennium? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999 Aug; 29(2):114-5. View Abstract

  131. Living related donor transplantation: the future. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999 May; 28(5):459-60. View Abstract

  132. Mycophenolate mofetil, microemulsion cyclosporine, and prednisone as primary immunosuppression for pediatric liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl Surg. 1999 Mar; 5(2):136-43. View Abstract

  133. The role of pediatricians in the care of children with liver transplants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998 Aug; 152(8):797-802. View Abstract

  134. Psychosocial barriers to health promotion in an American Indian population. Am Indian Alsk Nativ Ment Health Res (1987). 1997; 7(3):34-49. View Abstract

  135. Along for the ride: the prevalence of motor vehicle passengers riding with drivers who have been drinking in an American Indian population. Am J Prev Med. 1995 Nov-Dec; 11(6):375-80. View Abstract
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