Current Environment: Production

Medical Services

Specialties

Programs & Services

Languages

  • English

Education

Undergraduate School

Amherst College

1980, Amherst, MA

Medical School

Boston University School of Medicine

1985, Boston, MA

Internship

Tripler Army Medical Center

1986, Honolulu, HI

Residency

Tripler Army Medical Center

1988, Honolulu, HI

Fellowship

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Boston Children's Hospital

1998, Boston, MA

Certifications

  • American Board of Internal Medicine (Adult Congenital Heart Disease)
  • American Board of Pediatrics (Cardiology)
  • American Board of Pediatrics (General)
  • International Board of Heart Rhythm Examiners

Professional History

Following medical school, Dr. Alexander completed a pediatric residency in Hawaii and then served four years as an Army Pediatrician in rural Louisiana. He returned to Boston for a fellowship in pediatric cardiology and completed additional training in electrophysiology, which included serving as Chief Fellow. Since 1996, he has been a director of the Exercise Physiology Program and joined the Arrhythmia Service in 1998. One aspect of his clinical work focuses on arrhythmias in children from fetal life to well into adulthood for those with congenital heart disease. This focus has been part of numerous research papers and presentations on the risks and benefits of therapy. He performs catheter ablations, manages pacemakers and ICDs and assists in balancing therapy options for arrhythmias. A second aspect has been to serve as liaison with neurology, anesthesia and the emergency room in evaluating potential cardiac concerns in patients. This has developed shared expertise in patients with problematic syncope syndromes, Rett’s Syndrome, and congenital central hypoventilation. More recently, Dr. Alexander has been serving on the Institutional Review Board and on the Unexplained Diagnoses Taskforce. He currently directs the New England-wide Systematic Clinical Assessment and Management Program (SCAMP) on syncope.

Publications

  1. Implementing Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Screening within a Pediatric Primary Care Network. Acad Pediatr. 2025 May 19; 102850. View Abstract

  2. Efficacy and safety of early postoperative ablation in patients with congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2025 May; 22(5):1330-1336. View Abstract

  3. Exercise testing in clinical context: Reference ranges for interpreting anaerobic threshold as an outcome for congenital heart disease patients. Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis. 2024 Dec; 18:100540. View Abstract

  4. Comparative utility of omnipolar and bipolar electroanatomic mapping methods to detect and localize dual nodal substrate in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2024 Oct; 67(7):1579-1591. View Abstract

  5. Limited Relationship Between Echocardiographic Measures and Electrocardiographic Markers of Left Ventricular Size in Healthy Children. Pediatr Cardiol. 2024 Jun; 45(5):1055-1063. View Abstract

  6. Pediatric ECG-Based Deep Learning to Predict Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling. Circulation. 2024 03 19; 149(12):917-931. View Abstract

  7. Aortic arch shape after arch repair predicts exercise capacity: a multicentre analysis. Eur Heart J Open. 2024 Jan; 4(1):oead138. View Abstract

  8. Medical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter with class IC antiarrhythmic drugs in young patients with and without congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2023 12; 34(12):2545-2551. View Abstract

  9. Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Pediatric Peak Oxygen Consumption Prediction. J Pediatr. 2024 01; 264:113742. View Abstract

  10. Biking More With Congenital Heart Disease: Stratifying Risk in the New Generation of Adult Patients. JACC Adv. 2023 Jul; 2(5):100439. View Abstract

  11. Retroflexed catheter course reduces the risk of right free wall accessory pathway recurrence. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2023 09; 34(9):1828-1834. View Abstract

  12. Ventricular arrhythmias after fibroma resection: Are patients still at risk? Heart Rhythm. 2023 02; 20(2):243-249. View Abstract

  13. FORCE Risk Stratification Tool for Pediatric Cardiac Rehabilitation and Fitness Programs. Pediatr Cardiol. 2023 Aug; 44(6):1302-1310. View Abstract

  14. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Pediatric Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia: Impact of Age on Procedural Methods and Durable Success. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 06 21; 11(12):e022799. View Abstract

  15. AMEN and ALARA-Remembering the dangers of the (new) technology of lesion formation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2022 08; 33(8):1767-1768. View Abstract

  16. Brain-based measures of nociception during general anesthesia with remifentanil: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2022 04; 19(4):e1003965. View Abstract

  17. Supraventricular Tachycardia in Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Prevalence, Associations, and Outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2022 07 01; 23(7):e329-e337. View Abstract

  18. Success with caution: Forty years of congenital complete atrioventricular block. Heart Rhythm. 2022 07; 19(7):1156-1157. View Abstract

  19. Assessment of Exercise Function in Children and Young Adults with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Correlation with Transthoracic Echocardiographic Parameters. Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Jun; 43(5):1037-1045. View Abstract

  20. Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices. Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Apr; 43(4):784-789. View Abstract

  21. Pediatric T-wave memory after accessory pathway ablation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2022 03; 19(3):459-465. View Abstract

  22. Pacemaker use for the treatment of reflex-mediated syncope: 40-year experience at a single paediatric institution. Cardiol Young. 2021 Oct 28; 1-6. View Abstract

  23. Electrocardiogram as a Lyme Disease Screening Test. J Pediatr. 2021 Nov; 238:228-232.e1. View Abstract

  24. Vo2peak in Adult Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma: Rate of Decline, Sex Differences, and Cardiovascular Events. JACC CardioOncol. 2021 Jun; 3(2):263-273. View Abstract

  25. Accessory pathway ablation in Ebstein anomaly: A challenging substrate. Heart Rhythm. 2021 11; 18(11):1844-1851. View Abstract

  26. Care of Children with Supraventricular Tachycardia in the Emergency Department. Pediatr Cardiol. 2021 Mar; 42(3):569-577. View Abstract

  27. Long-term Effects of an Evidence-based Guideline for Emergency Management of Pediatric Syncope. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2020 Nov-Dec; 5(6):e361. View Abstract

  28. Risk Factors for Early Recurrence Following Ablation for Accessory Pathways: The Role of Consolidation Lesions. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020 11; 13(11):e008848. View Abstract

  29. Value of provocative electrophysiology testing in the management of pediatric patients after congenital heart surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2020 09; 43(9):901-907. View Abstract

  30. Establishing a Comprehensive Pediatric Cardiac Fitness and Rehabilitation Program for Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2020 Dec; 41(8):1569-1579. View Abstract

  31. Clinical and Genetic Findings in Children Presenting With Ventricular Fibrillation as the First Manifestation of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 05 18; 9(10):e016322. View Abstract

  32. Low mortality in fetal supraventricular tachycardia: Outcomes in a 30-year single-institution experience. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2020 05; 31(5):1105-1113. View Abstract

  33. Adverse event rate during inpatient sotalol initiation for the management of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia in the pediatric and young adult population. Heart Rhythm. 2020 06; 17(6):984-990. View Abstract

  34. Ultra-rapid atrial pacing as a form of rate control in postoperative automatic arrhythmias in patients with congenital heart disease. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2020 Apr; 6(4):215-218. View Abstract

  35. Outcomes of catheter ablation of anteroseptal and midseptal accessory pathways in pediatric patients. Heart Rhythm. 2020 05; 17(5 Pt A):759-767. View Abstract

  36. Interdigitating Myocardial Tongues in Pediatric Cardiac Fibromas: Plausible Substrate for Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiac Arrest. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019 05; 5(5):563-575. View Abstract

  37. The Real-World Utility of the LINQ Implantable Loop Recorder in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Patients. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2019 02; 5(2):245-251. View Abstract

  38. Intravenous Amiodarone and Sotalol Impair Contractility and Cardiac Output, but Procainamide Does Not: A Langendorff Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2019 05; 24(3):288-297. View Abstract

  39. Dual-Site Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Fontan Physiology and Heart Block: Does it Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Single-Site Ventricular Pacing? JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018 10; 4(10):1289-1297. View Abstract

  40. Evaluation of left ventricular false tendons in children with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2018 09; 41(9):1143-1149. View Abstract

  41. Incidence and Predictors of Clinically Important and Dangerous Arrhythmias During Exercise Tests in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Patients. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2018 10; 4(10):1319-1327. View Abstract

  42. Electrocardiograms in Healthy North American Children in the Digital Age. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2018 07; 11(7):e005808. View Abstract

  43. Utility of incomplete right bundle branch block as an isolated ECG finding in children undergoing initial cardiac evaluation. Congenit Heart Dis. 2018 May; 13(3):419-427. View Abstract

  44. Placebo-controlled crossover assessment of mecasermin for the treatment of Rett syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2018 03; 5(3):323-332. View Abstract

  45. Cardiac Events During Competitive, Recreational, and Daily Activities in Children and Adolescents With Long QT Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Sep 21; 6(9). View Abstract

  46. Finding the next good thing. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 06; 153(6):1555-1556. View Abstract

  47. Pausing With the Gauze: Inhibition of Temporary Pacemakers by Radiofrequency Scan During Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg. 2016 11; 123(5):1143-1148. View Abstract

  48. Relation of Left Atrial Size to Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Aged =22 Years. Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jan 01; 119(1):52-56. View Abstract

  49. Transvenous approach to pacemaker lead implantation for sinus node dysfunction after extracardiac lateral tunnel Fontan conduit placement. HeartRhythm Case Rep. 2016 Nov; 2(6):495-498. View Abstract

  50. Pushing back the cliff (but there probably still is a cliff): Arrhythmia, late outcome, and uncertainty in Fontan patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 11; 152(5):1364-1365. View Abstract

  51. Capturing Pain in the Cortex during General Anesthesia: Near Infrared Spectroscopy Measures in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Arrhythmias. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0158975. View Abstract

  52. Heart block following stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Jul; 152(1):189-94. View Abstract

  53. Regional Implementation of a Pediatric Cardiology Syncope Algorithm Using Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans (SCAMPS) Methodology. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Feb 19; 5(2). View Abstract

  54. Exercise Performance in Patients with D-Loop Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch Operation: Long-Term Outcomes and Longitudinal Assessment. Pediatr Cardiol. 2016 Feb; 37(2):283-9. View Abstract

  55. A Phase 1, Dose-escalation, Double-blind, Block-randomized, Controlled Trial of Safety and Efficacy of Neosaxitoxin Alone and in Combination with 0.2% Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine, for Cutaneous Anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2015 Oct; 123(4):873-85. View Abstract

  56. Impact of pacing on systemic ventricular function in L-transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Jan; 151(1):131-8. View Abstract

  57. Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients Do Not Meet Traditional Cardiac Resynchronization Criteria. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2015 Aug; 26(8):885-889. View Abstract

  58. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: what are the long-term cardiovascular risks? Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 Apr; 14(4):543-51. View Abstract

  59. Mechanism and ablation of arrhythmia following total cavopulmonary connection. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Apr; 8(2):318-25. View Abstract

  60. Corrected QT interval changes with atypical antipsychotics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015 Jan; 54(1):9-10. View Abstract

  61. Preoperative electrocardiograms for nonsyndromic children with hand syndactyly. J Hand Surg Am. 2015 Mar; 40(3):452-5. View Abstract

  62. Implementing a guideline to improve management of syncope in the emergency department. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov; 134(5):e1413-21. View Abstract

  63. Time dependence of risks and benefits in pediatric primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014 Dec; 7(6):1057-63. View Abstract

  64. EHRA/HRS/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias. Europace. 2014 09; 16(9):1257-83. View Abstract

  65. EHRA/HRS/APHRS expert consensus on ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2014 Oct; 11(10):e166-96. View Abstract

  66. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary assessment of efficacy of mecasermin (recombinant human IGF-1) for the treatment of Rett syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar 25; 111(12):4596-601. View Abstract

  67. Perinatal outcome in fetuses with heterotaxy syndrome and atrioventricular block or bradycardia. Pediatr Cardiol. 2014 Aug; 35(6):906-13. View Abstract

  68. Utility of preoperative electrophysiologic studies in patients with Ebstein's anomaly undergoing the Cone procedure. Heart Rhythm. 2014 Feb; 11(2):182-6. View Abstract

  69. Impact of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement on biventricular strain and synchrony assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Dec; 6(6):680-7. View Abstract

  70. In-hospital arrhythmia development and outcomes in pediatric patients with acute myocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 2014 Feb 01; 113(3):535-40. View Abstract

  71. Transbaffle mapping and ablation for atrial tachycardias after mustard, senning, or Fontan operations. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013 Sep 19; 2(5):e000325. View Abstract

  72. The role of cardiac resynchronization therapy for arterial switch operations complicated by complete heart block. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013 Sep; 96(3):904-9. View Abstract

  73. The use of an integrated electroanatomic mapping system and intracardiac echocardiography to reduce radiation exposure in children and young adults undergoing ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. Europace. 2014 Feb; 16(2):277-83. View Abstract

  74. Chest pain and syncope in children: a practical approach to the diagnosis of cardiac disease. J Pediatr. 2013 Sep; 163(3):896-901.e1-3. View Abstract

  75. The electrophysiological characteristics of accessory pathways in pediatric patients with intermittent preexcitation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013 Sep; 36(9):1117-22. View Abstract

  76. Radiofrequency-assisted transseptal perforation for electrophysiology procedures in children and adults with repaired congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013 May; 36(5):607-11. View Abstract

  77. Multiple accessory pathways in the young: the impact of structural heart disease. Am Heart J. 2013 Jan; 165(1):87-92. View Abstract

  78. Cardiac troponin T as a screening test for myocarditis in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2012 Nov; 28(11):1173-8. View Abstract

  79. Prospective evaluation of defibrillation threshold and postshock rhythm in young ICD recipients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012 Dec; 35(12):1487-93. View Abstract

  80. Circulating matrix metalloproteinases in adolescents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmia. Circ Heart Fail. 2012 Jul 01; 5(4):462-6. View Abstract

  81. Costs and benefits of targeted screening for causes of sudden cardiac death in children and adolescents. Circulation. 2012 May 29; 125(21):2621-9. View Abstract

  82. Electrocardiogram screening for disorders that cause sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2012 Apr; 129(4):e999-1010. View Abstract

  83. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, stimulant therapy, and the patient with congenital heart disease: evidence and reason. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012 Mar; 33(3):394-401. View Abstract

  84. Reproducibility of echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012 Feb; 25(2):194-202. View Abstract

  85. Cardiac tumors and associated arrhythmias in pediatric patients, with observations on surgical therapy for ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011 Oct 25; 58(18):1903-9. View Abstract

  86. Exercise, stand up, flip a coin, or just say no: provocative testing in the child with borderline QTc. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2011 Aug; 4(4):422-3. View Abstract

  87. Marked QT prolongation and ventricular tachycardia of a transient nature in young children with cardiomyopathy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012 Aug; 35(8):e247-50. View Abstract

  88. The electroanatomic mechanisms of atrial tachycardia in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and double outlet right ventricle. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011 Sep; 22(9):1013-7. View Abstract

  89. Recovery of oxygen consumption after maximal exercise in children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Apr; 43(4):555-9. View Abstract

  90. Exercise testing identifies patients at increased risk for morbidity and mortality following Fontan surgery. Congenit Heart Dis. 2011 Jul-Aug; 6(4):294-303. View Abstract

  91. Clinical, pathological, and molecular analyses of cardiovascular abnormalities in Costello syndrome: a Ras/MAPK pathway syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2011 Mar; 155A(3):486-507. View Abstract

  92. Nonfluoroscopic imaging systems reduce radiation exposure in children undergoing ablation of supraventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2011 Apr; 8(4):519-25. View Abstract

  93. Lead extraction in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010 Oct; 3(5):437-44. View Abstract

  94. Malnutrition and hemodynamic status in adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010 Aug; 164(8):706-13. View Abstract

  95. Needle in a haystack: modeling the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest in healthy children. Circulation. 2010 Mar 23; 121(11):1283-5. View Abstract

  96. System survival of nontransvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators compared to transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. Heart Rhythm. 2010; 7(2):193-8. View Abstract

  97. Permanent atrial pacing lead implant route after Fontan operation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009 Jun; 32(6):779-85. View Abstract

  98. Lyme carditis in children: presentation, predictive factors, and clinical course. Pediatrics. 2009 May; 123(5):e835-41. View Abstract

  99. Orthostasis, the autonomic nervous system, and abdominal pain in children: is there a relation between postural orthostatic tachycardia and recurrent abdominal pain? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Nov; 47(5):696-700. View Abstract

  100. Reexamining the emperor's new clothes: ambiguities in current cardiac screening recommendations for youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008 Nov; 1(2):134-7. View Abstract

  101. Ascending aortic dilation in patients with congenital complete heart block. Heart Rhythm. 2008 Dec; 5(12):1704-8. View Abstract

  102. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (and multisite pacing) in pediatrics and congenital heart disease: five years experience in a single institution. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2009 Jan; 20(1):58-65. View Abstract

  103. The longitudinal course of cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia during childhood. Pediatr Cardiol. 2009 Apr; 30(3):306-10. View Abstract

  104. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with 2:1 block in pediatric patients. Heart Rhythm. 2008 Oct; 5(10):1391-5. View Abstract

  105. Results of a multicenter retrospective implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry of pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Apr 29; 51(17):1685-91. View Abstract

  106. Cardiac risk after craniopharyngioma therapy. Pediatr Neurol. 2008 Apr; 38(4):256-60. View Abstract

  107. Digital music players cause interference with interrogation telemetry for pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators without affecting device function. Heart Rhythm. 2008 Apr; 5(4):545-50. View Abstract

  108. How revealing are insertable loop recorders in pediatrics? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008 Mar; 31(3):338-43. View Abstract

  109. Impact of transvenous ventricular pacing leads on tricuspid regurgitation in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2008 Jan; 21(1):65-8. View Abstract

  110. Inaccuracy of Wolff-Parkinson-white accessory pathway localization algorithms in children and patients with congenital heart defects. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 Jul; 17(7):712-6. View Abstract

  111. Age, size, and lead factors alone do not predict venous obstruction in children and young adults with transvenous lead systems. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 Jul; 17(7):754-9. View Abstract

  112. Microvolt t-wave alternans with exercise in pediatrics and congenital heart disease: limitations and predictive value. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006 Jul; 29(7):733-41. View Abstract

  113. Complex regional pain syndromes in children and adolescents: regional and systemic signs and symptoms and hemodynamic response to tilt table testing. Clin J Pain. 2006 May; 22(4):399-406. View Abstract

  114. Transient prolonged corrected QT interval in Lyme disease. J Pediatr. 2006 May; 148(5):692-7. View Abstract

  115. Ablation of nonautomatic focal atrial tachycardia in children and adults with congenital heart disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006 Apr; 17(4):359-65. View Abstract

  116. Cryoablation for accessory pathways located near normal conduction tissues or within the coronary venous system in children and young adults. Heart Rhythm. 2006 Mar; 3(3):253-8. View Abstract

  117. Entwining electrical and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Heart Rhythm. 2005 Dec; 2(12):1369-70. View Abstract

  118. Comparison of modern steroid-eluting epicardial and thin transvenous pacemaker leads in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Oct; 14(1):27-36. View Abstract

  119. Prospective trial of electroanatomically guided, irrigated catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2005 Jul; 2(7):700-5. View Abstract

  120. Transvenous pacing in infants: a faith based initiative? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2004 Nov; 27(11):1463-5. View Abstract

  121. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2004 Sep; 1(3):301-8. View Abstract

  122. Fainting freshmen and sinking sophomores: cardiovascular issues of the adolescent. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2004 Aug; 16(4):350-6. View Abstract

  123. Patient, procedural, and hardware factors associated with pacemaker lead failures in pediatrics and congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm. 2004 Jul; 1(2):150-9. View Abstract

  124. Relation of right ventricular pacing in tetralogy of Fallot to electrical resynchronization. Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jun 01; 93(11):1449-52, A12. View Abstract

  125. Value of programmed ventricular stimulation after tetralogy of fallot repair: a multicenter study. Circulation. 2004 Apr 27; 109(16):1994-2000. View Abstract

  126. Modification to the Fontan procedure for the prophylaxis of intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia: short-term results of a prospective randomized blinded trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Mar; 127(3):721-9. View Abstract

  127. Implications of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in congenital heart disease and pediatrics. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004 Jan; 15(1):72-6. View Abstract

  128. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of septal accessory pathways in the pediatric age group. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Oct 15; 92(8):947-50. View Abstract

  129. Efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing using the Medtronic AT500 pacemaker in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Oct 01; 92(7):871-6. View Abstract

  130. Incident cases of heart failure in a community cohort: importance and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function. Am Heart J. 2003 Jul; 146(1):115-20. View Abstract

  131. Cardiology participation improves outcomes in patients with new-onset heart failure in the outpatient setting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Jan 01; 41(1):62-8. View Abstract

  132. Circadian and seasonal variation of malignant arrhythmias in a pediatric and congenital heart disease population. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002 Oct; 13(10):1009-14. View Abstract

  133. Management of ventricular arrhythmias in diverse populations in California. Am Heart J. 2002 Sep; 144(3):431-9. View Abstract

  134. Influence of patient factors and ablative technologies on outcomes of radiofrequency ablation of intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia in patients with congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jun 05; 39(11):1827-35. View Abstract

Many patients will need to see us for years. Understanding their goals, interests and fears can help us frame difficult decisions and respond honestly. As children move into adolescence, constantly refocusing care towards the teen is equally critical. Recurrent education about options, anticipated problems and tradeoffs takes longer. Whenever possible, this combination of interest, respect and education lets families make effective choices.

As a general pediatrician earlier in my career, I was constantly frustrated that when I identified a major problem I almost always had to get help to manage it. Now, after more than 20 years at Boston Children's, I know precisely how to help my patients with a number of major problems. And I know exactly where to find colleagues, nurses, and technologists with the same level of commitment.

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