Current Environment: Production

Medical Services

Specialties

Programs & Services

Languages

  • English
  • Spanish

Education

Undergraduate School

College of the Holy Cross

1994, Worcester, MA

Medical School

Wright State University School of Medicine

1998, Dayton, OH

Internship

Surgery

Rush University Medical Center

1999, Chicago, IL

Residency

Urology

Rush University Medical Center

2002, Chicago, IL

Residency

Chief Resident

Rush University Medical Center

2003, Chicago, IL

Fellowship

Pediatri Urology

Boston Children's Hosiptal

2006, Boston, MA

Graduate School

MIT Sloan School of Management

2017, Cambridge, MA

Certifications

  • American Board of Urology (General)
  • American Board of Urology (Pediatric Urology)

Professional History

Carlos R. Estrada, Jr., MD, MBA, is the Urologist-in-Chief at Boston Children’s Hospital and co-director of the Urodynamics and Neurourology Program. Dr. Estrada completed his fellowship at Boston Children's and joined the faculty here in 2006. His research interests include tissue engineering and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. He is an Associate Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School.

Media

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Meet Dr. Carlos Estrada

Nuestros Médicos

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Publications

  1. Real-Time Bladder Volume Monitoring for Pediatric Patients Using a Commercially Available Wearable Ultrasound Device. Neurourol Urodyn. 2025 May 04. View Abstract

  2. Practice Variation and Guideline Compliance in Urologic Imaging After Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Children. Urology. 2025 Apr 18. View Abstract

  3. Pediatric bladder tissue engineering: Where have we been and where do we go next? J Pediatr Urol. 2025 Jan 03. View Abstract

  4. Clinical and Demographic Factors Linked to Low-Value Emergency Department Visits in Pediatric Patients With Spina Bifida. J Urol. 2025 Mar; 213(3):333-340. View Abstract

  5. Evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin grafts for onlay urethroplasty in a rabbit model of urethral stricture disease. Regen Med. 2024 Sep-Oct; 19(9-10):473-481. View Abstract

  6. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2024 Sep; 212(3):520. View Abstract

  7. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic Malone appendicostomy: a 6-year perspective. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024 Feb 24; 40(1):58. View Abstract

  8. Intradetrusor botox injection and augmentation cystoplasty trends among spina bifida patients at US freestanding children's hospitals. J Pediatr Urol. 2024 06; 20(3):482.e1-482.e6. View Abstract

  9. Characterizing psychosocial services in a pediatric urology practice. J Pediatr Urol. 2024 04; 20(2):242.e1-242.e8. View Abstract

  10. Categorization of a Universal Coding System to Distinguish Use of Durable Medical Equipment and Supplies in Pediatric Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 10 02; 6(10):e2339449. View Abstract

  11. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 12; 210(6):918-919. View Abstract

  12. Gender Affirmation-Related Information-Seeking Behaviors in a Diverse Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Young Adults: Survey Study. JMIR Form Res. 2023 Aug 15; 7:e45952. View Abstract

  13. Environmental Impact of a Pediatric and Young Adult Virtual Medicine Program: A Lesson from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Acad Pediatr. 2024 04; 24(3):408-416. View Abstract

  14. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 09; 210(3):556. View Abstract

  15. Cost analysis for mirabegron use in the treatment of children with neurogenic bladder. J Pediatr Urol. 2023 10; 19(5):535.e1-535.e10. View Abstract

  16. Pediatric Urology 2023. Urol Clin North Am. 2023 Aug; 50(3):xi. View Abstract

  17. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 08; 210(2):371. View Abstract

  18. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 07; 210(1):208. View Abstract

  19. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 05; 209(5):1015-1016. View Abstract

  20. False-positive urine pregnancy screening tests are uncommon in the hospital setting among patients with bowel-containing urinary tract reconstruction. J Pediatr Urol. 2023 06; 19(3):312.e1-312.e4. View Abstract

  21. Causes of death among people with myelomeningocele: A multi-institutional 47-year retrospective study. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2023; 16(4):605-619. View Abstract

  22. Patient Experience with Virtual Preoperative Consultations in Pediatric Surgical Specialties. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Sep; 58(9):1776-1782. View Abstract

  23. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 02; 209(2):432-434. View Abstract

  24. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2023 01; 209(1):284-285. View Abstract

  25. Pediatric Urology. J Urol. 2022 12; 208(6):1335-1337. View Abstract

  26. Hybrid Clinics: A New Model for Ambulatory Care to Reduce Infection Risk. Telemed J E Health. 2023 04; 29(4):560-568. View Abstract

  27. Vaginectomy in Transmasculine Patients: A Review of Techniques in an Emerging Field. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2022 06 01; 28(6):e222-e230. View Abstract

  28. Whole exome sequencing identifies potential candidate genes for spina bifida derived from mouse models. Am J Med Genet A. 2022 05; 188(5):1355-1367. View Abstract

  29. Prostatic metaplasia of the vagina in transmasculine individuals. World J Urol. 2022 Mar; 40(3):849-855. View Abstract

  30. It Takes a Village: Equipping Children with Spina Bifida for an Independent Life. J Urol. 2022 01; 207(1):14-15. View Abstract

  31. The role of androgens in clitorophallus development and possible applications to transgender patients. Andrology. 2021 11; 9(6):1719-1728. View Abstract

  32. Selecting Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux Who are Most Likely to Benefit from Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Application of Machine Learning to RIVUR. J Urol. 2021 04; 205(4):1170-1179. View Abstract

  33. Pattern recognition algorithm to identify detrusor overactivity on urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021 01; 40(1):428-434. View Abstract

  34. A Machine Learning Model to Maximize Efficiency and Face Time in Ambulatory Clinics. Urol Pract. 2021 Mar; 8(2):176-182. View Abstract

  35. Experience with implementation of a nurse practitioner-led newborn circumcision clinic. J Pediatr Urol. 2020 Oct; 16(5):651.e1-651.e7. View Abstract

  36. "Ramping up telemedicine in pediatric urology- Tips for using a new modality". J Pediatr Urol. 2020 06; 16(3):288-289. View Abstract

  37. Anxiety, distress, and pain in pediatric urodynamics. Neurourol Urodyn. 2020 04; 39(4):1178-1184. View Abstract

  38. Telemedicine for Pediatric Urological Postoperative Care is Safe, Convenient and Economical. J Urol. 2020 07; 204(1):144-148. View Abstract

  39. Which Student Characteristics Are Most Important in Determining Clinical Honors in Clerkships? A Teaching Ward Attending Perspective. Acad Med. 2019 10; 94(10):1581-1588. View Abstract

  40. The Use of Telemedicine for the Postoperative Urological Care of Children: Results of a Pilot Program. J Urol. 2019 07; 202(1):159-163. View Abstract

  41. Targeted Workup after Initial Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: Using a Novel Machine Learning Model to Identify Children Most Likely to Benefit from Voiding Cystourethrogram. J Urol. 2019 07; 202(1):144-152. View Abstract

  42. Augmentation Cystoplasty of Diseased Porcine Bladders with Bi-Layer Silk Fibroin Grafts. Tissue Eng Part A. 2019 06; 25(11-12):855-866. View Abstract

  43. Repair of injured urethras with silk fibroin scaffolds in a rabbit model of onlay urethroplasty. J Surg Res. 2018 09; 229:192-199. View Abstract

  44. Variability in Care-What Would Business People Think? J Urol. 2018 01; 199(1):40-42. View Abstract

  45. Advances in paediatric urology. Lancet. 2017 Sep 09; 390(10099):1061-1071. View Abstract

  46. Bilayer silk fibroin grafts support functional oesophageal repair in a rodent model of caustic injury. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018 02; 12(2):e1068-e1075. View Abstract

  47. Bi-layer silk fibroin grafts support functional tissue regeneration in a porcine model of onlay esophagoplasty. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2018 02; 12(2):e894-e904. View Abstract

  48. Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal hypospadias: Accuracy and outcomes. J Pediatr Urol. 2017 Oct; 13(5):484.e1-484.e4. View Abstract

  49. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic bladder augmentation in the pediatric patient. J Pediatr Urol. 2016 Oct; 12(5):313.e1-313.e2. View Abstract

  50. Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Urologic Tissue Engineering. Curr Urol Rep. 2016 Feb; 17(2):16. View Abstract

  51. CT cystography for evaluation of bladder perforation--be safe and know the limitations--reply to Dr. Karmazyn. Pediatr Radiol. 2016 Apr; 46(4):580. View Abstract

  52. Inosine Improves Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity following Spinal Cord Injury. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11):e0141492. View Abstract

  53. The role of imaging in pediatric bladder augmentation. Pediatr Radiol. 2015 Sep; 45(10):1440-7. View Abstract

  54. Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds support functional tissue regeneration in a rat model of onlay esophagoplasty. Biomaterials. 2015 Jun; 53:149-59. View Abstract

  55. The effect of spinal cord level on sexual function in the spina bifida population. J Pediatr Urol. 2015 Jun; 11(3):142.e1-6. View Abstract

  56. CEVL training for coronal/distal shaft hypospadias repair: a guide for attendings, residents, and OR staff. J Pediatr Urol. 2015 Feb; 11(1):3-4. View Abstract

  57. In vitro evaluation of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds for gastrointestinal tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng. 2014; 5:2041731414556849. View Abstract

  58. The use of bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds and small intestinal submucosa matrices to support bladder tissue regeneration in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Biomaterials. 2014 Aug; 35(26):7452-9. View Abstract

  59. Evaluation of a mobile voiding diary for pediatric patients with voiding dysfunction: a prospective comparative study. J Urol. 2014 Sep; 192(3):908-13. View Abstract

  60. Acellular bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds support tissue regeneration in a rabbit model of onlay urethroplasty. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e91592. View Abstract

  61. Multi-planar dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound assessment of blood flow in a rabbit model of testicular torsion. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014 Feb; 40(2):361-70. View Abstract

  62. Bladder tissue regeneration using acellular bi-layer silk scaffolds in a large animal model of augmentation cystoplasty. Biomaterials. 2013 Nov; 34(34):8681-9. View Abstract

  63. The performance of silk scaffolds in a rat model of augmentation cystoplasty. Biomaterials. 2013 Jul; 34(20):4758-65. View Abstract

  64. Evaluation of silk biomaterials in combination with extracellular matrix coatings for bladder tissue engineering with primary and pluripotent cells. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e56237. View Abstract

  65. In utero closure of myelomeningocele does not improve lower urinary tract function. J Urol. 2012 Oct; 188(4 Suppl):1567-71. View Abstract

  66. Evaluation of biomaterials for bladder augmentation using cystometric analyses in various rodent models. J Vis Exp. 2012 Aug 09; (66). View Abstract

  67. Urodynamic findings in patients with Currarino syndrome. J Urol. 2012 Jun; 187(6):2195-200. View Abstract

  68. Screening for malignancy after augmentation cystoplasty in children with spina bifida: a decision analysis. J Urol. 2011 Oct; 186(4):1437-43. View Abstract

  69. Contemporary use of nephron-sparing surgery for children with malignant renal tumors at freestanding children's hospitals. Urology. 2011 Aug; 78(2):422-6. View Abstract

  70. The effect of manipulation of silk scaffold fabrication parameters on matrix performance in a murine model of bladder augmentation. Biomaterials. 2011 Oct; 32(30):7562-70. View Abstract

  71. CD8a? dendritic cells improve collagen-induced arthritis in CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 deficient mice. Immunobiology. 2011 Sep; 216(9):971-8. View Abstract

  72. Intermittent ureterovesical junction obstruction in children. J Pediatr Urol. 2011 Oct; 7(5):579-81. View Abstract

  73. Evaluation of gel spun silk-based biomaterials in a murine model of bladder augmentation. Biomaterials. 2011 Jan; 32(3):808-18. View Abstract

  74. Clinical prediction rule for stratifying risk of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 11; 5(8):e12082. View Abstract

  75. All-trans retinoic acid directs urothelial specification of murine embryonic stem cells via GATA4/6 signaling mechanisms. PLoS One. 2010 Jul 13; 5(7):e11513. View Abstract

  76. Editorial comment. J Urol. 2010 Jul; 184(1):314. View Abstract

  77. Editorial comment. J Urol. 2010 Apr; 183(4):1531-2; discussion 1532. View Abstract

  78. Stem cells: a review and implications for urology. Urology. 2010 Mar; 75(3):664-70. View Abstract

  79. Biofeedback training for lower urinary tract symptoms: factors affecting efficacy. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):2050-5. View Abstract

  80. Editorial comment. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):1692-3; discussion 1693. View Abstract

  81. Ultrasound versus computerized tomography for evaluating urolithiasis. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4 Suppl):1829-34. View Abstract

  82. Nomograms for predicting annual resolution rate of primary vesicoureteral reflux: results from 2,462 children. J Urol. 2009 Oct; 182(4):1535-41. View Abstract

  83. Core Principles of Perioperative Management in Children. Campbell-Walsh Urology, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, Editors. 2009.

  84. Caliceal diverticula in children: natural history and management. J Urol. 2009 Mar; 181(3):1306-11; discussion 1311. View Abstract

  85. Vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection in children with a history of prenatal hydronephrosis--should voiding cystourethrography be performed in cases of postnatally persistent grade II hydronephrosis? J Urol. 2009 Feb; 181(2):801-6; discussion 806-7. View Abstract

  86. Prenatal hydronephrosis: early evaluation. Curr Opin Urol. 2008 Jul; 18(4):401-3. View Abstract

  87. Open Surgical Management of Uretropelvic Junction Obstruction. Textbook of Reconstructive Urologic Surgery, Montague DK, Gill IS, Angermeier KW, Ross JH, Editors. 2008; 143-150.

  88. Supravesical Diversion for Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Dialogues in Pediatric Urology. 2008; 29(4).

  89. Robot-assisted laparoscopic ileal bladder augmentation: defining techniques and potential pitfalls. J Endourol. 2008 Feb; 22(2):355-60. View Abstract

  90. Traumatic Hematuria. Common Surgical Diseases: An Algorithmic Approach to Problem Solving, 2nd Edition. Myers J, Millikan KW, Saclarides TJ, Editors. 2008.

  91. Early results of robot assisted laparoscopic lithotomy in adolescents. J Urol. 2007 Jun; 177(6):2306-9; discussion 2309-10. View Abstract

  92. [Robotic surgery in pediatric urology]. Arch Esp Urol. 2007 May; 60(4):471-9. View Abstract

  93. CC chemokine receptor 5 influences late-stage atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2007 Nov; 195(1):e92-103. View Abstract

  94. Robotic surgery in pediatric urology. Arch Esp Urol 2007. 2007; 60(4):471-9.

  95. Inhibition of EGFR signaling abrogates smooth muscle proliferation resulting from sustained distension of the urinary bladder. Lab Invest. 2006 Dec; 86(12):1293-302. View Abstract

  96. Safety and durability of dextranomer injections for urinary incontinence. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2006 Sep; 3(9):466-7. View Abstract

  97. Behavioral profiling of human transitional cell carcinoma ex vivo. Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15; 66(6):3078-86. View Abstract

  98. Renal cell carcinoma: Children's Hospital Boston experience. Urology. 2005 Dec; 66(6):1296-300. View Abstract

  99. Intermittent testicular torsion: diagnostic features and management outcomes. J Urol. 2005 Oct; 174(4 Pt 2):1532-5; discussion 1535. View Abstract

  100. Erectile dysfunction following surgical correction of Peyronie's disease and a pilot study of the use of sildenafil citrate rehabilitation for postoperative erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2005 Mar; 2(2):241-7. View Abstract

  101. Growth and stretch response of human exstrophy bladder smooth muscle cells: molecular evidence of normal intrinsic function. BJU Int. 2005 Jan; 95(1):144-8. View Abstract

  102. Why pursue a fellowship...a pediatric urology fellowship...a 3-year pediatric urology fellowship?. AUA News 2005. 2005.

  103. Caveolae are negative regulators of transforming growth factor-beta1 signaling in ureteral smooth muscle cells. J Urol. 2004 Dec; 172(6 Pt 1):2451-5. View Abstract

  104. Mechanical stretch is a highly selective regulator of gene expression in human bladder smooth muscle cells. Physiol Genomics. 2004 Dec 15; 20(1):36-44. View Abstract

  105. HER-2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology. 2004 Apr; 63(4):786-90. View Abstract

  106. Continent urinary diversion: 10-year experience of Shriners Hospitals for Children in Chicago. J Spinal Cord Med. 2004; 27 Suppl 1:S84-7. View Abstract

  107. Priapism. Sexual Dysfunction, Teloken C, Taunhausev M, Da Ros C, Editors. 2004.

  108. Commentary on Pelviureteric junction obstruction: how much is the extent of the upper ureter with defective innervation needing resection?. The American Journal of Urology Review. 2004; 2:2-4.

  109. Human cadaveric pericardial graft for the surgical correction of Peyronie's disease. J Urol. 2003 Dec; 170(6 Pt 1):2359-62. View Abstract

  110. The value of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in men with hypogonadism. J Urol. 2003 Sep; 170(3):795-8. View Abstract

  111. Tricorporal priapism in a patient with metastatic esophageal cancer. Urology. 2003 Jun; 61(6):1259. View Abstract

  112. Tunica albuginea tissue analysis after electromotive drug administration. J Urol. 2003 May; 169(5):1775-8. View Abstract

  113. Outcomes and perioperative hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 May; 75(5):1392-9. View Abstract

  114. Peyronie disease in younger men: characteristics and treatment results. J Androl. 2003 Jan-Feb; 24(1):27-32. View Abstract

  115. Tricorporal priapism in a patient with metastatic esophageal cancer. Urology. 2003;61(6):1259. 2003; 61(1):1259.

  116. Traumatic Hematuria. Common Surgical Diseases: An Algorithmic Approach to Problem Solving. Millikan KW and Saclarides TJ, Editors. 2003.

  117. Intralesional verapamil for the treatment of Peyronie's disease: a review. Int J Impot Res. 2002 Oct; 14(5):324-8. View Abstract

  118. New concept regarding chest pain due to hypoxia of the internal mammary arteries in more than 1,600 operated patients with cerebral thoracic neurovascular syndrome (CTNVS). Panminerva Med. 2002 Mar; 44(1):47-59. View Abstract

  119. Nocturnal penile tumescence. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Male Sexual Dysfunction. Kandeel, F, Editor. 2002.

  120. Mechanical reliability and safety of, and patient satisfaction with the Ambicor inflatable penile prosthesis: results of a 2 center study. J Urol. 2001 Sep; 166(3):932-7. View Abstract
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