Gregory Priebe | Medical Services
Programs & Services
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Languages
- English
Gregory Priebe | Education
Medical School
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA
Internship
Pediatrics
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, MA
Residency
Chief Medical Resident
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, MA
Fellowship
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, MA
Fellowship
Pediatric Infectious Disease
Boston Children's Hospital
Boston, MA
Fellowship
Research, Microbiology, Immunology
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, MA
Gregory Priebe | Certifications
- American Board of Pediatrics (Critical Care Medicine)
- American Board of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases)
Gregory Priebe | Publications
Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine as Initial Treatment in Children With Septic Shock. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Apr 01; 8(4):e254720. View Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine as Initial Treatment in Children With Septic Shock. Abstract
Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in People With Cystic Fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Jan; 60(1):e27380. View Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in People With Cystic Fibrosis. Abstract
Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in the pediatric intensive care setting despite standard prevention measures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2024 Oct 10; 1-9. View Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in the pediatric intensive care setting despite standard prevention measures. Abstract
De novo mutations mediate phenotypic switching in an opportunistic human lung pathogen. bioRxiv. 2024 Feb 06. View De novo mutations mediate phenotypic switching in an opportunistic human lung pathogen. Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Repeated Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia after Intranasal Inoculation. Biomed Res Int. 2024; 2024:4769779. View Cystic Fibrosis Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Repeated Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia after Intranasal Inoculation. Abstract
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Versus Placebo-A Blinded Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Two Strategies in Critically Ill Infants With Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2024 Feb 01; 25(2):118-127. View Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Versus Placebo-A Blinded Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Two Strategies in Critically Ill Infants With Congenital Heart Disease. Abstract
Small-molecule activators of a bacterial signaling pathway inhibit virulence. bioRxiv. 2023 Dec 02. View Small-molecule activators of a bacterial signaling pathway inhibit virulence. Abstract
Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Events Before and After a Multicenter Quality Improvement Initiative. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 12 01; 6(12):e2346545. View Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Events Before and After a Multicenter Quality Improvement Initiative. Abstract
Bundled Care to Reduce Sepsis Mortality: The Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes (IPSO) Collaborative. Pediatrics. 2023 08 01; 152(2). View Bundled Care to Reduce Sepsis Mortality: The Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes (IPSO) Collaborative. Abstract
Preventing pediatric catheter-associated urinary tract infections utilizing urinary catheter Kamishibai cards (K-cards). Am J Infect Control. 2023 08; 51(8):919-925. View Preventing pediatric catheter-associated urinary tract infections utilizing urinary catheter Kamishibai cards (K-cards). Abstract
Multicomponent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccines Eliciting Th17 Cells and Functional Antibody Responses Confer Enhanced Protection against Experimental Acute Pneumonia in Mice. Infect Immun. 2022 10 20; 90(10):e0020322. View Multicomponent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccines Eliciting Th17 Cells and Functional Antibody Responses Confer Enhanced Protection against Experimental Acute Pneumonia in Mice. Abstract
An Evidence-Based Guideline Improves Outcomes for Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2022 Sep; 49(9):1042-1051. View An Evidence-Based Guideline Improves Outcomes for Patients With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Abstract
Association of Diagnostic Stewardship for Blood Cultures in Critically Ill Children With Culture Rates, Antibiotic Use, and Patient Outcomes: Results of the Bright STAR Collaborative. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 07 01; 176(7):690-698. View Association of Diagnostic Stewardship for Blood Cultures in Critically Ill Children With Culture Rates, Antibiotic Use, and Patient Outcomes: Results of the Bright STAR Collaborative. Abstract
Optimizing surveillance for pediatric ventilator-associated events-But are they preventable? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 02; 44(2):175-177. View Optimizing surveillance for pediatric ventilator-associated events-But are they preventable? Abstract
Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 06; 43(6):687-713. View Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Abstract
Rapid expansion and extinction of antibiotic resistance mutations during treatment of acute bacterial respiratory infections. Nat Commun. 2022 03 09; 13(1):1231. View Rapid expansion and extinction of antibiotic resistance mutations during treatment of acute bacterial respiratory infections. Abstract
Evolution towards Virulence in a Burkholderia Two-Component System. mBio. 2021 08 31; 12(4):e0182321. View Evolution towards Virulence in a Burkholderia Two-Component System. Abstract
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived Particulate Vaccine Protects against P. aeruginosa Infection. Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jul 20; 9(7). View A Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Derived Particulate Vaccine Protects against P. aeruginosa Infection. Abstract
Anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane attenuate flagellin-mediated inflammation in the lung. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021 06 11; 557:254-260. View Anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane attenuate flagellin-mediated inflammation in the lung. Abstract
Risk factors for pediatric surgical site infection following neurosurgical procedures for hydrocephalus: a retrospective single-center cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 04 21; 21(1):124. View Risk factors for pediatric surgical site infection following neurosurgical procedures for hydrocephalus: a retrospective single-center cohort study. Abstract
Stewardship Intervention to Optimize Central Venous Catheter Utilization in Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2021 Mar-Apr; 6(2):e389. View Stewardship Intervention to Optimize Central Venous Catheter Utilization in Critically Ill Children. Abstract
The Role of Anesthetic Management in Surgical Site Infections After Pediatric Intestinal Surgery. J Surg Res. 2021 03; 259:546-554. View The Role of Anesthetic Management in Surgical Site Infections After Pediatric Intestinal Surgery. Abstract
Stress ulcer prophylaxis versus placebo-a blinded randomized control trial to evaluate the safety of two strategies in critically ill infants with congenital heart disease (SUPPRESS-CHD). Trials. 2020 Jun 29; 21(1):590. View Stress ulcer prophylaxis versus placebo-a blinded randomized control trial to evaluate the safety of two strategies in critically ill infants with congenital heart disease (SUPPRESS-CHD). Abstract
Central venous catheter bundle adherence: Kamishibai card (K-card) rounding for central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020 09; 41(9):1058-1063. View Central venous catheter bundle adherence: Kamishibai card (K-card) rounding for central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention. Abstract
Assessing work capacity - reviewing the what and how of physicians' clinical practice. BMC Fam Pract. 2020 04 27; 21(1):72. View Assessing work capacity - reviewing the what and how of physicians' clinical practice. Abstract
Genomic and epidemiological evidence of bacterial transmission from probiotic capsule to blood in ICU patients. Nat Med. 2019 11; 25(11):1728-1732. View Genomic and epidemiological evidence of bacterial transmission from probiotic capsule to blood in ICU patients. Abstract
Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Intervention to Achieve Sustained Improvement in Hand Hygiene Reliability in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2019 Nov-Dec; 4(6):e227. View Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Intervention to Achieve Sustained Improvement in Hand Hygiene Reliability in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Abstract
Calm in the midst of cytokine storm: a collaborative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2019 Feb 14; 17(1):7. View Calm in the midst of cytokine storm: a collaborative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome. Abstract
Whole-Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2019 Jan; 8(3). View Whole-Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections. Abstract
Progress Toward the Elusive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018 Nov/Dec; 19(8):757-768. View Progress Toward the Elusive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. Abstract
Variability in antimicrobial use in pediatric ventilator-associated events. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019 01; 40(1):32-39. View Variability in antimicrobial use in pediatric ventilator-associated events. Abstract
PLGA-encapsulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PopB vaccine antigen improves Th17 responses and confers protection against experimental acute pneumonia. Vaccine. 2018 11 12; 36(46):6926-6932. View PLGA-encapsulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PopB vaccine antigen improves Th17 responses and confers protection against experimental acute pneumonia. Abstract
Construction of a Protective Vaccine Against Lipopolysaccharide-Heterologous Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Based on Expression Profiling of Outer Membrane Proteins During Infection. Front Immunol. 2018; 9:1737. View Construction of a Protective Vaccine Against Lipopolysaccharide-Heterologous Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Based on Expression Profiling of Outer Membrane Proteins During Infection. Abstract
A putative lateral flagella of the cystic fibrosis pathogen Burkholderia dolosa regulates swimming motility and host cytokine production. PLoS One. 2018; 13(1):e0189810. View A putative lateral flagella of the cystic fibrosis pathogen Burkholderia dolosa regulates swimming motility and host cytokine production. Abstract
Ceftaroline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2018 05; 17(3):e25-e31. View Ceftaroline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cystic fibrosis. Abstract
Factors Associated With Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Conditions in Six U.S. Hospitals: A Nested Case-Control Study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017 Nov; 18(11):e536-e545. View Factors Associated With Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Conditions in Six U.S. Hospitals: A Nested Case-Control Study. Abstract
Incident Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017 10; 52(10):1276-1282. View Incident Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis. Abstract
Immune Recognition of the Epidemic Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Burkholderia dolosa. Infect Immun. 2017 06; 85(6). View Immune Recognition of the Epidemic Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Burkholderia dolosa. Abstract
From the Cover: Prolonged Exposure to Volatile Anesthetic Isoflurane Worsens the Outcome of Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis. Toxicol Sci. 2017 04 01; 156(2):402-411. View From the Cover: Prolonged Exposure to Volatile Anesthetic Isoflurane Worsens the Outcome of Polymicrobial Abdominal Sepsis. Abstract
Global and local selection acting on the pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the human lung. Nat Commun. 2017 01 19; 8:14078. View Global and local selection acting on the pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the human lung. Abstract
An Oxygen-Sensing Two-Component System in the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Regulates Biofilm, Intracellular Invasion, and Pathogenicity. PLoS Pathog. 2017 01; 13(1):e1006116. View An Oxygen-Sensing Two-Component System in the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Regulates Biofilm, Intracellular Invasion, and Pathogenicity. Abstract
A Pediatric Approach to Ventilator-Associated Events Surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017 03; 38(3):327-333. View A Pediatric Approach to Ventilator-Associated Events Surveillance. Abstract
1015: IDENTIFICATION OF PEDIATRIC VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS USING CONTINUOUS VENTILATOR DATA. Crit Care Med. 2016 Dec; 44(12 Suppl 1):330. View 1015: IDENTIFICATION OF PEDIATRIC VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS USING CONTINUOUS VENTILATOR DATA. Abstract
1214: PEDIATRIC VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS ARE RARELY ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION. Crit Care Med. 2016 Dec; 44(12 Suppl 1):379. View 1214: PEDIATRIC VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS ARE RARELY ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION. Abstract
Efficacy of Antibody to PNAG Against Keratitis Caused by Fungal Pathogens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 12 01; 57(15):6797-6804. View Efficacy of Antibody to PNAG Against Keratitis Caused by Fungal Pathogens. Abstract
Enteral Nutrition and Acid-Suppressive Therapy in the PICU: Impact on the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2016 10; 17(10):924-929. View Enteral Nutrition and Acid-Suppressive Therapy in the PICU: Impact on the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Abstract
Ventilator-Associated Events in Neonates and Children--A New Paradigm. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jan; 44(1):14-22. View Ventilator-Associated Events in Neonates and Children--A New Paradigm. Abstract
Intestinal Microbiota of Mice Influences Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Infect Immun. 2015 Oct; 83(10):4003-14. View Intestinal Microbiota of Mice Influences Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Abstract
Impact of Mandatory Public Reporting of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections on Blood Culture and Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Aug; 36(8):878-85. View Impact of Mandatory Public Reporting of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections on Blood Culture and Antibiotic Utilization in Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Abstract
Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 Sep; 35 Suppl 2:S133-54. View Strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Abstract
Microbiota-driven immune cellular maturation is essential for antibody-mediated adaptive immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in the eye. Infect Immun. 2014 Aug; 82(8):3483-91. View Microbiota-driven immune cellular maturation is essential for antibody-mediated adaptive immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in the eye. Abstract
Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a long and winding road. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Apr; 13(4):507-19. View Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a long and winding road. Abstract
Genetic variation of a bacterial pathogen within individuals with cystic fibrosis provides a record of selective pressures. Nat Genet. 2014 Jan; 46(1):82-7. View Genetic variation of a bacterial pathogen within individuals with cystic fibrosis provides a record of selective pressures. Abstract
Trehalose biosynthesis promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in plants. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar; 9(3):e1003217. View Trehalose biosynthesis promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in plants. Abstract
Disinfection of needleless connectors with chlorhexidine-alcohol provides long-lasting residual disinfectant activity. Am J Infect Control. 2013 Aug; 41(8):e77-9. View Disinfection of needleless connectors with chlorhexidine-alcohol provides long-lasting residual disinfectant activity. Abstract
Collaboration between macrophages and vaccine-induced CD4+ T cells confers protection against lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia during neutropenia. J Infect Dis. 2013 Jan 01; 207(1):39-49. View Collaboration between macrophages and vaccine-induced CD4+ T cells confers protection against lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia during neutropenia. Abstract
Hepoxilin A(3) facilitates neutrophilic breach of lipoxygenase-expressing airway epithelial barriers. J Immunol. 2012 Nov 15; 189(10):4960-9. View Hepoxilin A(3) facilitates neutrophilic breach of lipoxygenase-expressing airway epithelial barriers. Abstract
Topical neutralization of interleukin-17 during experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection promotes bacterial clearance and reduces pathology. Infect Immun. 2012 Oct; 80(10):3706-12. View Topical neutralization of interleukin-17 during experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal infection promotes bacterial clearance and reduces pathology. Abstract
Th17-stimulating protein vaccines confer protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Sep 01; 186(5):420-7. View Th17-stimulating protein vaccines confer protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Abstract
Targeting pan-resistant bacteria with antibodies to a broadly conserved surface polysaccharide expressed during infection. J Infect Dis. 2012 Jun; 205(11):1709-18. View Targeting pan-resistant bacteria with antibodies to a broadly conserved surface polysaccharide expressed during infection. Abstract
Parallel bacterial evolution within multiple patients identifies candidate pathogenicity genes. Nat Genet. 2011 Nov 13; 43(12):1275-80. View Parallel bacterial evolution within multiple patients identifies candidate pathogenicity genes. Abstract
Mucosal vaccination with a multivalent, live-attenuated vaccine induces multifactorial immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung infection. Infect Immun. 2011 Mar; 79(3):1289-99. View Mucosal vaccination with a multivalent, live-attenuated vaccine induces multifactorial immunity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa acute lung infection. Abstract
Analysis of acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gastrointestinal mucosal colonization and horizontal transmission in a murine model. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jan 01; 201(1):71-80. View Analysis of acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gastrointestinal mucosal colonization and horizontal transmission in a murine model. Abstract
Caveolin-1 modifies the immunity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Immunol. 2010 Jan 01; 184(1):296-302. View Caveolin-1 modifies the immunity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abstract
Inescapable need for neutrophils as mediators of cellular innate immunity to acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Infect Immun. 2009 Dec; 77(12):5300-10. View Inescapable need for neutrophils as mediators of cellular innate immunity to acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Abstract
IL-17 is a critical component of vaccine-induced protection against lung infection by lipopolysaccharide-heterologous strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Immunol. 2008 Oct 01; 181(7):4965-75. View IL-17 is a critical component of vaccine-induced protection against lung infection by lipopolysaccharide-heterologous strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abstract
The neutrophil serine protease inhibitor serpinb1 preserves lung defense functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Exp Med. 2007 Aug 06; 204(8):1901-9. View The neutrophil serine protease inhibitor serpinb1 preserves lung defense functions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Abstract
A live-attenuated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine elicits outer membrane protein-specific active and passive protection against corneal infection. Infect Immun. 2006 Feb; 74(2):975-83. View A live-attenuated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine elicits outer membrane protein-specific active and passive protection against corneal infection. Abstract
Sepsis in the immunocompromised child: the least studied with the most to gain. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 May; 6(3 Suppl):S78-9. View Sepsis in the immunocompromised child: the least studied with the most to gain. Abstract
Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model of gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination in neutropenia. Infect Immun. 2005 Apr; 73(4):2262-72. View Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model of gastrointestinal colonization and dissemination in neutropenia. Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate that protect against infection by both mucoid and nonmucoid strains. J Immunol. 2004 Nov 01; 173(9):5671-8. View Human monoclonal antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate that protect against infection by both mucoid and nonmucoid strains. Abstract
The galU Gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is required for corneal infection and efficient systemic spread following pneumonia but not for infection confined to the lung. Infect Immun. 2004 Jul; 72(7):4224-32. View The galU Gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is required for corneal infection and efficient systemic spread following pneumonia but not for infection confined to the lung. Abstract
Protection against fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice after nasal immunization with a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant. Infect Immun. 2003 Mar; 71(3):1453-61. View Protection against fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice after nasal immunization with a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant. Abstract
Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: Ellis RW, Brodeur BR, editors. New bacterial vaccines. 2003; 261-283.
Construction and characterization of a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a candidate intranasal vaccine. Infect Immun. 2002 Mar; 70(3):1507-17. View Construction and characterization of a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a candidate intranasal vaccine. Abstract
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric patients. Respir Care Clin N Am. 2001 Dec; 7(4):633-45. View High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric patients. Abstract
The effect of human serum DNAases on the ability to detect antibiotic-killed Escherichia coli in blood by PCR. J Med Microbiol. 2001 Mar; 50(3):243-248. View The effect of human serum DNAases on the ability to detect antibiotic-killed Escherichia coli in blood by PCR. Abstract
Acquisition of expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU cytotoxin leads to increased bacterial virulence in a murine model of acute pneumonia and systemic spread. Infect Immun. 2000 Jul; 68(7):3998-4004. View Acquisition of expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU cytotoxin leads to increased bacterial virulence in a murine model of acute pneumonia and systemic spread. Abstract
Bacterial subretinal abscess: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jun; 129(6):778-85. View Bacterial subretinal abscess: a case report and review of the literature. Abstract
Continuous improvement learning for residents. Pediatrics. 1998 Apr; 101(4 Pt 2):768-73; discussion 773-4. View Continuous improvement learning for residents. Abstract