Current Environment: Production

Medical Services

Programs & Services

Languages

  • English

Education

Medical School

SUNY Stony Brook School of Medicine

1983, Stony Brook, NY

Residency

Boston Children's Hospital

1993, Boston, MA

Fellowship

Boston Children's Hospital

1997, Boston, MA

Certifications

  • American Board of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine)
  • American Board of Pediatrics (General)

Publications

  1. Who Is Competent to Provide Procedural Sedation? Ann Emerg Med. 2025 Mar 10. View Abstract

  2. Procedural sedation competencies: a review and multidisciplinary international consensus statement on knowledge, skills, training, and credentialing. Br J Anaesth. 2025 Mar; 134(3):817-829. View Abstract

  3. Establishing trust with children. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Oct; 183(10):4185-4193. View Abstract

  4. Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2024 Nov; 113(11):2363-2377. View Abstract

  5. Preprocedural Oxygenation and Procedural Oxygenation During Pediatric Procedural Sedation: Patterns of Use and Association With Interventions. Ann Emerg Med. 2024 Nov; 84(5):473-485. View Abstract

  6. Low-Order Mechanistic Models for Volumetric and Temporal Capnography: Development, Validation, and Application. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2023 09; 70(9):2710-2721. View Abstract

  7. Safety and Efficacy Associated With a Family-Centered Procedural Sedation Protocol for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Developmental Delay. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 05 01; 6(5):e2315974. View Abstract

  8. Eliminating pain disparities for children in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2023 Oct; 30(10):1075-1077. View Abstract

  9. Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2022 12; 80(6):485-496. View Abstract

  10. Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2021 Dec 01; 37(12):e1265-e1269. View Abstract

  11. Correction to: Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: surveying the current European practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jun; 180(6):1815-1816. View Abstract

  12. Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: surveying the current European practice. Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Jun; 180(6):1799-1813. View Abstract

  13. The development of a Consensus Conference on Pediatric Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department in Italy: from here where to? Ital J Pediatr. 2020 May 01; 46(1):57. View Abstract

  14. An international multidisciplinary consensus statement on fasting before procedural sedation in adults and children. Anaesthesia. 2020 03; 75(3):374-385. View Abstract

  15. Unscheduled Procedural Sedation: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Practice Guideline. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 05; 73(5):e51-e65. View Abstract

  16. Clinical Practice Guideline for Emergency Department Procedural Sedation With Propofol: 2018 Update. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 05; 73(5):470-480. View Abstract

  17. Managing the Frightened Child. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 07; 74(1):30-35. View Abstract

  18. Prolonged central apnoea after intravenous morphine administration in a 12-year-old male with a UGT1A1 loss-of-function polymorphism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 01; 85(1):258-262. View Abstract

  19. Reevaluating Fasting for Procedural Sedation. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 07 01; 172(7):622-623. View Abstract

  20. An Enhanced Mechanistic Model For Capnography, With Application To CHF-COPD Discrimination. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2018 Jul; 2018:5267-5272. View Abstract

  21. The Newest Threat to Emergency Department Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2018 08; 72(2):115-119. View Abstract

  22. Teaching pain recognition through art: the Ramsay-Caravaggio sedation scale. Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Jan 31; 44(1):20. View Abstract

  23. Emergency Department Pain Management in Children With Appendicitis in a Biethnic Population. Clin J Pain. 2017 Nov; 33(11):1014-1018. View Abstract

  24. Fever in Children: Pearls and Pitfalls. Children (Basel). 2017 Sep 01; 4(9). View Abstract

  25. Statistical analysis of the age dependence of the normal capnogram. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2017 Jul; 2017:345-348. View Abstract

  26. Model-Based Estimation of Respiratory Parameters from Capnography, With Application to Diagnosing Obstructive Lung Disease. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2017 12; 64(12):2957-2967. View Abstract

  27. Pulmonary aspiration during procedural sedation: a comprehensive systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Mar 01; 118(3):344-354. View Abstract

  28. Characteristics of and Predictors for Apnea and Clinical Interventions During Procedural Sedation. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 11; 68(5):564-573. View Abstract

  29. Removal of Foreign Bodies from the Ear and Nose. N Engl J Med. 2016 07 14; 375(2):194. View Abstract

  30. In reply. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 05; 67(5):680. View Abstract

  31. VIDEOS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Managing Procedural Anxiety in Children. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 21; 374(16):e19. View Abstract

  32. Procedural sedation and its place in paediatric emergency medicine. Emerg Med J. 2016 Aug; 33(8):525-6. View Abstract

  33. Ketamine and propofol sedation by emergency medicine specialists: mainstream or menace? Br J Anaesth. 2016 Apr; 116(4):449-51. View Abstract

  34. Target-Controlled Infusions Could Improve the Safety and Efficacy of Emergency Department Propofol Sedation. Anesth Analg. 2016 Jan; 122(1):283-4. View Abstract

  35. Model-based estimation of pulmonary compliance and resistance parameters from time-based capnography. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug; 2015:1687-90. View Abstract

  36. Clustering of capnogram features to track state transitions during procedural sedation. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug; 2015:1699-702. View Abstract

  37. The Numeric Scoring of Pain: This Practice Rates a Zero Out of Ten. Ann Emerg Med. 2016 05; 67(5):573-5. View Abstract

  38. Current concepts in management of pain in children in the emergency department. Lancet. 2016 Jan 02; 387(10013):83-92. View Abstract

  39. Appendicitis in children less than five years old: A challenge for the general practitioner. World J Clin Pediatr. 2015 May 08; 4(2):19-24. View Abstract

  40. "This may hurt": predictions in procedural disclosure may do harm. BMJ. 2015 Feb 06; 350:h649. View Abstract

  41. Ketofol for procedural sedation revisited: pro and con. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 May; 65(5):489-91. View Abstract

  42. Sick kids look sick. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Jun; 65(6):633-5. View Abstract

  43. Ketamine and intracranial pressure: no contraindication except hydrocephalus. Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Jan; 65(1):52-4. View Abstract

  44. Premedication with midazolam for urethral catheterization of febrile infants. Eur J Emerg Med. 2014 Aug; 21(4):314-8. View Abstract

  45. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N Engl J Med. 2014 07 03; 371(1):91. View Abstract

  46. Automated quantitative analysis of capnogram shape for COPD-normal and COPD-CHF classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Dec; 61(12):2882-90. View Abstract

  47. Videos in clinical medicine. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. N Engl J Med. 2014 Apr 10; 370(15):e23. View Abstract

  48. What's in a name?: removing the term nonanesthesiologists from the sedation dialogue. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014 Apr; 30(4):288-9. View Abstract

  49. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen for bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward: a pilot study. Eur J Pediatr. 2013 Dec; 172(12):1649-56. View Abstract

  50. IgE-mediated food allergy in children. Lancet. 2013 Nov 16; 382(9905):1656-64. View Abstract

  51. Clinical implications of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of procedural sedation agents in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Apr; 24(2):225-32. View Abstract

  52. External laryngeal manipulation does not improve the intubation success rate by novice intubators in a manikin study. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 Nov; 30(9):2005-10. View Abstract

  53. Extremity fracture pain after emergency department reduction and casting: predictors of pain after discharge. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Sep; 60(3):269-77. View Abstract

  54. Adverse event reporting tool to standardize the reporting and tracking of adverse events during procedural sedation: a consensus document from the World SIVA International Sedation Task Force. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Jan; 108(1):13-20. View Abstract

  55. Capnography in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011 Sep; 46(9):896-902. View Abstract

  56. Who owns deep sedation? Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):470-4. View Abstract

  57. Videos in clinical medicine. Intraosseous catheter placement in children. N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 24; 364(8):e14. View Abstract

  58. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):449-61. View Abstract

  59. Ketofol for procedural sedation? Pro and con. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 May; 57(5):444-8. View Abstract

  60. The taming of ketamine-40 years later. Ann Emerg Med. 2011 Feb; 57(2):115-6. View Abstract

  61. Laryngospasm during emergency department ketamine sedation: a case-control study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010 Nov; 26(11):798-802. View Abstract

  62. Anticholinergics and ketamine sedation in children: a secondary analysis of atropine versus glycopyrrolate. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Feb; 17(2):157-62. View Abstract

  63. Detection of carbon dioxide thresholds using low-flow sidestream capnography in ventilated preterm infants. Intensive Care Med. 2009 Nov; 35(11):1942-9. View Abstract

  64. Predictors of emesis and recovery agitation with emergency department ketamine sedation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):171-80.e1-4. View Abstract

  65. Procedural sedation and analgesia outcomes in children after discharge from the emergency department: ketamine versus fentanyl/midazolam. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):191-97.e1-4. View Abstract

  66. Predictors of airway and respiratory adverse events with ketamine sedation in the emergency department: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Aug; 54(2):158-68.e1-4. View Abstract

  67. Consensus-based recommendations for standardizing terminology and reporting adverse events for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Apr; 53(4):426-435.e4. View Abstract

  68. Capnography: a valuable tool for airway management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008 Nov; 26(4):881-97, vii. View Abstract

  69. Barriers to propofol use in emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Oct; 52(4):392-8. View Abstract

  70. Supplemental oxygen during propofol sedation: yes or no? Ann Emerg Med. 2008 Jul; 52(1):9-10. View Abstract

  71. Training and credentialing in procedural sedation and analgesia in children: lessons from the United States model. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008 Jan; 18(1):30-5. View Abstract

  72. Changes in respiratory and hemodynamic parameters during low-dose propofol sedation in combination with regional anesthesia for herniorrhaphy and genitourinary surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007 Oct; 17(10):934-41. View Abstract

  73. Procedural sedation and analgesia research: state of the art. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Feb; 14(2):170-8. View Abstract

  74. Capnography for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Aug; 50(2):172-81. View Abstract

  75. Should I give ketamine i.v. or i.m.? Ann Emerg Med. 2006 Nov; 48(5):613-4. View Abstract

  76. Fasting and emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia: a consensus-based clinical practice advisory. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Apr; 49(4):454-61. View Abstract

  77. End-tidal carbon dioxide as a measure of acidosis among children with gastroenteritis. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul; 118(1):260-7. View Abstract

  78. 15-second triage tool. The use of capnography for the rapid assessment & triage of critically injured patients & victims of chemical terrorism. JEMS. 2006 Jun; 31(6):60-2, 64-6, 68. View Abstract

  79. Recurrent episodes of intractable laryngospasm during dissociative sedation with intramuscular ketamine. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 Apr; 22(4):247-9. View Abstract

  80. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006 Mar 04; 367(9512):766-80. View Abstract

  81. Capnography as a rapid assessment and triage tool for chemical terrorism. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005 Aug; 21(8):493-7. View Abstract

  82. Exhaled nitric oxide levels during acute asthma exacerbation. Acad Emerg Med. 2005 Jul; 12(7):579-86. View Abstract

  83. Replacing the outmoded term "nonanesthesiologist". Anesth Analg. 2005 Jun; 100(6):1862. View Abstract

  84. The effectiveness of out-of-hospital use of continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring on the rate of unrecognized misplaced intubation within a regional emergency medical services system. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 May; 45(5):497-503. View Abstract

  85. Capnogram shape in obstructive lung disease. Anesth Analg. 2005 Mar; 100(3):884-888. View Abstract

  86. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Nov; 44(5):460-71. View Abstract

  87. Ketamine is a safe, effective, and appropriate technique for emergency department paediatric procedural sedation. Emerg Med J. 2004 May; 21(3):271-2. View Abstract

  88. Can the bispectral index monitor the sedation adequacy of intubated ED adults? Am J Emerg Med. 2004 Mar; 22(2):76-82. View Abstract

  89. Bispectral index monitoring quantifies depth of sedation during emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Feb; 43(2):247-55. View Abstract

  90. Can Bispectral Index Monitoring Quantify Depth of Sedation during Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Pediatric Emergency Department?. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 43:247-255.

  91. Propofol in emergency medicine: pushing the sedation frontier. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Dec; 42(6):792-7. View Abstract

  92. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 2003.

  93. Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Nov; 42(5):636-46. View Abstract

  94. Procedural sedation and analgesia for children in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2003 Feb; 21(1):121-39. View Abstract

  95. A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 41(2):234-41. View Abstract

  96. Ventilatory response during dissociative sedation in children-a pilot study. Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 10(2):140-5. View Abstract

  97. Can the bispectral index monitor quantify altered level of consciousness in emergency department patients? Acad Emerg Med. 2003 Feb; 10(2):175-9. View Abstract

  98. Capnography in EMS. A powerful way to objectively monitor ventilatory status. JEMS. 2003 Jan; 28(1):28-30, 32-8, 41. View Abstract

  99. Procedural Sedation. Wound Care Manual. 2002.

  100. Carbon dioxide monitoring in emergency medicine training programs. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002 Aug; 18(4):251-3. View Abstract

  101. Procedural sedation terminology: moving beyond "conscious sedation". Ann Emerg Med. 2002 Apr; 39(4):433-5. View Abstract

  102. Accuracy of a new low-flow sidestream capnography technology in newborns: a pilot study. J Perinatol. 2002 Apr-May; 22(3):219-25. View Abstract

  103. Pulmonary aspiration risk during emergency department procedural sedation--an examination of the role of fasting and sedation depth. Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Jan; 9(1):35-42. View Abstract

  104. Managing acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department. Emerg Med (Fremantle). 2001 Sep; 13(3):293-304. View Abstract

  105. Management of acute pain and anxiety in children undergoing procedures in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001 Apr; 17(2):115-22; quiz 123-5. View Abstract

  106. Continuous-flow nitrous oxide: searching for the ideal procedural anxiolytic for toddlers. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Jan; 37(1):61-2. View Abstract

  107. The semantics of ketamine. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Nov; 36(5):480-2. View Abstract

  108. Procedural Sedation and Analgesia: An Evolving Role for Respiratory Care Practitioners. Respiratory Therapy 2000;13:31-35. 2000.

  109. Sedation and analgesia for procedures in children. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar 30; 342(13):938-45. View Abstract

  110. Accuracy of capnography with a 30 foot nasal cannula for monitoring respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 in children. J Clin Monit Comput. 2000; 16(4):259-62. View Abstract

  111. Adverse events of procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1999 Oct; 34(4 Pt 1):483-91. View Abstract

  112. Microstream capnograpy technology: a new approach to an old problem. J Clin Monit Comput. 1999 Aug; 15(6):403-9. View Abstract

  113. Pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia. 1999.

  114. Pediatric Sedation. Emergency Medicine. 1998.

  115. Sedation patterns in pediatric and general community hospital emergency departments. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1998 Apr; 14(2):99-103. View Abstract

  116. Guidelines for Pediatric Procedural Sedation. 1998.

  117. Conscious sedation roundtable: a collaborative practice model for problem solving in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997 Apr; 23(2):153-5. View Abstract

  118. On turbulent times for emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 1995 Feb; 25(2):270-1. View Abstract

  119. General trauma in a pediatric emergency department: spectrum and consultation patterns. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1993 Jun; 9(3):134-8. View Abstract

  120. The spectrum and frequency of illness presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1991 Apr; 7(2):67-71. View Abstract

  121. Performance differences between addicts and non-addicts. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1977 May 09; 52(3):299-306. View Abstract
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