Optical Tissue Identification for Myocardial Architecture

The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that fiberoptic confocal microscopy (FCM) imaging during repair of common congenital heart defects is a useful adjunct for avoidance of conduction abnormalities.

This is an interventional randomized controlled study to investigate the use of fiberoptic confocal microscopy (FCM) imaging for avoidance of conduction abnormalities during repair of common congenital heart defects. Study results will be compared to a cohort of similar surgical patients following standard surgical procedures where FCM was not used. We will analyze pre-and postoperative ECGs to identify conduction abnormalities.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 30 days to less than 18 years old
* Patients with planned surgical repair of:
* Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
* Complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC)
* Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with pulmonary stenosis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior history of adverse reaction to fluorescein sodium
* Prior history of renal failure or abnormal renal function
* Baseline PR interval \> 220 msec or 98% for age
* Baseline HR \> 98% for age
* Underlying genetic syndrome associated with progressive AV block or sinus node dysfunction (e.g. Holt-Oram or NKX2.5)
* Any surgical repair that requires staging or palliation
* Pregnant or lactating
* Exclusions specific to type of surgical repair
* Apical muscular VSD
* ToF with pulmonary atresia