Lung Recruitment Maneuver as a Potential Predictor of Fluid Responsiveness in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients

In this research study we want to learn more about using non-invasive tools as a way to predict whether or not a child under general anesthesia will require and respond to fluid administration. It is important for an anesthesiologist to know if a child would respond to fluid administration so that they can provide the optimal intervention for low blood pressure and avoid unnecessary treatment.

In this research study we want to learn more about using non-invasive tools as a way to predict whether or not a child under general anesthesia will require and respond to fluid administration. It is important for an anesthesiologist to know if a child would respond to fluid administration so that they can provide the optimal intervention for low blood pressure and avoid unnecessary treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

* 0 to \< 18 years old
* Undergoing surgery at Boston Children's Hospital under general anesthesia
* mechanically ventilated with an endotracheal tube
* Monitored with an indwelling radial arterial catheter as part of the anesthetic plan for the scheduled surgical procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prematurity
* Low birth weight
* Congenital heart disease
* Left or right ventricular dysfunction
* Cardiac arrhythmia
* Pulmonary hypertension
* Preoperative parenchymal or interstitial lung disease
* Intracranial hypertension
* Poor transthoracic acoustic window
* Obesity
* Allergy to ultrasound transmission gel
* Need for single lung ventilation
* Systemic hypertension on antihypertensive medications