Related Conditions & Treatments | Boston Children's Hospital

Condition

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic condition that causes a combination of medical problems. These problems may include heart defects, cleft palate, speech or feeding problems, difficulty fighting infections, low...

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Condition

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) involves a brief but intense attack of inflammation (swelling) in the brain and spinal cord that damages the brain's myelin.

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Condition

Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neurologic condition that can cause muscle weakness and possible paralysis.

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Condition

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

In the form of leukemia known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes is affected.

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Condition

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, is a quickly progressing type of blood cancer.

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Condition

Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM)

Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) involves a brief, intense attack of swelling in the spinal cord that damages myelin.

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Condition

Angelman Syndrome

Angelman syndrome is a complex genetic disorder that causes developmental and neurological problems.

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Condition

Arterial Ischemic Stroke

An arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is an injury to the brain or spinal cord caused by a lack of oxygen to the area affected.

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Condition

Arteriovenous Malformations

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a tangle of arteries and veins in the brain that disrupt the normal flow of blood.

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Condition

Arthrogryposis

Arthrogryposis is a term used to describe conditions characterized by stiff joints and abnormally developed muscles.

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Condition

ATRT

An atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a very rare, aggressive tumor of the central nervous system.

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Condition

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental issue where people have trouble paying attention and controlling impulses.

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Condition

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects the way your child develops and behaves.

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Condition

Avulsion Fracture

Avulsion fractures happen when a bone fragment separates from the rest of the bone.

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Condition

Birth Defects and Congenital Anomalies

A birth defect is a health problem or a physical abnormality.

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Condition

Bone Tumors and Bone Cysts

Bone tumors and bone cysts are types of abnormal growth within a bone. Most are benign (noncancerous).

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Condition

Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Brachial plexus birth injury is an injury to the brachial plexus nerves that occurs during childbirth.

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Condition

Brain Aneurysms

A brain aneurysm is a weak point in a blood vessel within the brain.

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Condition

Brain Tumors

Childhood brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), but both types can be life-threatening.

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Condition

Broken Arm

A broken arm is a crack or break in one or more of the bones in arm. They are often caused by impact injuries.

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Condition

Broken Elbow

A broken elbow is a break, at or near the elbow joint, in one or more of the three arm bones that form that joint.

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Condition

Broken Forearm

A broken forearm is a break in one (or both) of the bones of the forearm: the radius and/or ulna.

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Condition

Camptodactyly

Camptodactyly is a condition in which a bent finger cannot completely straighten.

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Condition

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by an abnormally large, thick or stiff heart muscle.

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Condition

CDKL5 Disorder

CDKL5 disorder is a rare neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by early onset epilepsy, low muscle tone, and developmental challenges.

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Condition

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect muscle tone, posture, and movement as a result of damage to the brain of an infant.

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Condition

Chiari Malformation

Chiari malformation is an abnormality in the back of the head where the brain and spinal cord meet.

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Condition

Chondromas

Chondromas are benign (not cancerous) tumors made of cartilage that are found mostly in the small bones of the hand and feet.

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Condition

Cleft Hand

Cleft hand is a rare hand condition in which the center portion of a child’s hand is underdeveloped.

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Condition

Clinodactyly

Clinodactyly means that your child has an abnormally bent or curved finger.

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Condition

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a condition associated with persistent pain in one or more limbs.

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Condition

Congenital Heart Defects

A congenital heart defect is a structural problem of the heart that develops during pregnancy.

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Condition

Congenital Limb Differences

Congenital limb differences occur when a baby’s arm or leg does not form properly during pregnancy.

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Condition

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic condition that affects development and growth.

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Condition

Coronavirus

COVID-19 affects children and families in many different ways.

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Condition

Developmental Disabilities

Developmental delays refer to when developmental skills are at a lower level than expected for a child’s age, such as language, motor, cognition, or play.

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Condition

Dislocations

A dislocation happens when extreme force is put on a ligament and the ends of two connected bones separate.

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Condition

Down Syndrome

Down syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by developmental delays and learning disability.

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Condition

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders that affect a person's connective tissue.

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Condition

Encephaloceles

An encephalocele is a rare birth defect in which the tissue covering the brain, and a portion of the brain itself, protrude through openings in the skull.

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Condition

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a complex condition that makes a child susceptible to seizures.

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Condition

Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a kind of cancer that grows in bones or soft tissues.

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Condition

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of abnormalities that occur in babies born to mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy.

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Condition

Fractures

A fracture is a break in the bone that occurs when more force is applied to the bone than the bone can withstand.

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Condition

Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that can cause a range of learning and developmental problems.

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Condition

Genetic Disorders

Genetic disorders include certain types of birth defects, chronic diseases, developmental problems, and sensory deficits that are inherited from one or both parents.

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Condition

Growth Plate Fractures

A growth plate fracture is a fracture that intersects the area of soft cartilage where bone growth takes place.

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Condition

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system.

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Condition

Head or Brain Injury

Head injury is a broad term that describes many different types of conditions — ranging from bumps and bruises to concussions, skull fractures, and serious brain injuries.

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Condition

Heart Failure

Heart failure in children occurs when a child’s heart is not working as well as it should.

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Condition

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke is the result of bleeding in the brain.

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Condition

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is extra fluid in or around the brain.

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Condition

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of heart diseases in which the left-heart structures are underdeveloped.

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Condition

Infantile Spasms

Infantile spasms, sometimes called West syndrome, are a type of seizure that occurs in babies.

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Condition

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is bleeding inside or around the ventricles — spaces in the brain that contain the cerebral spinal fluid.

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Condition

Juvenile Arthritis

Juvenile arthritis isn’t one condition, but is the general name for many types of arthritis that can occur in children.

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Condition

Kabuki Syndrome

Kabuki syndrome is a rare congenital disorder.

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Condition

Krabbe Disease

Krabbe disease is when an abnormal accumulation of fat molecules affects the cells in the nervous system.

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Condition

Learning Disorders and Disabilities

“Learning disorder” and “specific learning disability” refer to a neurodevelopmental problem in which a child of normal intellectual potential is encountering unusual difficulty with their academic functioning that cannot be...

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Condition

Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer. It develops in the bone marrow and is the most common form of cancer in children.

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Condition

Limb Length Discrepancy

A limb-length discrepancy is when one leg or arm is shorter than the other leg or arm.

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Condition

Little League Elbow

Little League elbow is an injury of the tendons, ligaments, or bones of a young athlete’s elbow.

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Condition

Meningitis

Meningitis is a bacterial or viral infection that causes three thin layers of tissue that surround the brain and the spinal cord to swell.

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Condition

Microcephaly

In microcephaly, the brain develops abnormally, causing the head to be much smaller than expected for the child's age.

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Condition

MIS-C

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also called pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome temporally related to SARS CoV-2 (PMIS or PIMS-TS), is a potentially serious illness in children that appears to...

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Condition

Movement Disorders

Children with movement disorders have involuntary movements or trouble moving in the way they intend to.

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Condition

Moyamoya Disease

Moyamoya is a rare condition in which the blood vessels (internal carotid arteries) that supply blood to the brain become narrowed.

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Condition

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is when the body's immune system reacts against the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves.

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Condition

Muscle Weakness (Hypotonia)

Hypotonia is decreased muscle tone.

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Condition

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a general name for a group of rare diseases that cause muscle weakness. It is caused by mutations in certain genes.

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Condition

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a term for a group of problems a baby experiences when withdrawing from exposure to narcotics.

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Condition

Neonatal Stroke

Neonatal stroke is stroke in newborns between birth and 28 days.

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Condition

Nervous System Disorders

Nervous system disorders can involve a range of conditions that may be chronic or may be triggered by secondary factors.

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Condition

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor that begins in nerve tissue of young children.

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Condition

Neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis 1 is a genetic condition that causes symptoms including tumors (called neurofibromas) formed from nerve tissue.

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Condition

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder that causes slow-growing tumors to develop on the eighth cranial nerve.

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Condition

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by fragile bones that break easily without a specific cause.

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Condition

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults.

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Condition

Overuse Injuries

Overuse injuries are sports-related microtraumas that result from repetitively using the same parts of the body.

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Condition

Pediatric and Childhood Cancers

While childhood cancer is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring intensive treatment, the majority of pediatric cancers are treatable.

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Condition

Pediatric Fibromyalgia and Musculoskeletal Pain

Fibromyalgia is when pain is being set off by things that feel painless to most people — getting a friendly pat on the back, for instance.

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Condition

Peripheral Nerve Injury

Peripheral nerve injuries interfere with signals between the brain and other parts of the body.

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Condition

Periventricular Leukomalacia

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a type of brain injury most common in very premature babies.

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Treatment

PICU Up

PICU Up!™ is an early mobility program that aims to improve the health and well-being of children in intensive care.

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Condition

Polydactyly

Polydactyly is a condition in which a baby is born with one or more extra fingers.

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Condition

Pompe Disease

Pompe disease is caused by a genetic mutation that causes a buildup of complex sugars in the body’s tissues.

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Condition

Prematurity

A baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered premature. Slightly fewer than 12 percent of all babies are premature.

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Condition

Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma

Relapsed neuroblastoma is when neuroblastoma returns in patients who have already undergone treatment for the disease. Refractory neuroblastoma is when the tumor does not respond to initial treatment.

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Condition

Rett Syndrome

Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a loss of spoken language and motor skills, as well as behavioral and neurological problems.

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Condition

Sanfilippo Syndrome

Sanfilippo syndrome (aka mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III)) is a rare, inherited disorder that's classified as a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD).

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Condition

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder where cells cluster together, making it difficult for them to move through small blood vessels, thus denying oxygen to the blood.

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Condition

Skeletal Dysplasia

Skeletal dysplasia is a category of rare genetic disorders that cause abnormal development of a baby’s bones, joints, and cartilage.

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Condition

Spina Bifida

Spina bifida occurs when the brain, spinal cord, or the membranes that cover them (meninges) do not completely develop.

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Condition

Spinal Cord Injury

A spinal cord injury is any damage to the spinal cord that is caused by trauma, rather than a birth defect or medical condition.

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Condition

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

Spinal muscular atrophy is when muscles throughout the body are weakened because nerve cells in the spinal cord and brainstem do not work properly.

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Condition

Sprains and Strains

Sprains are ligament injuries resulting from wrenching or twisting a joint. Strains are injuries to a muscle or tendon.

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Condition

Stress Fractures

A stress fracture is a tiny crack that forms in the bone, usually as a result of overuse or repetitive, stress-bearing motions.

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Condition

Stroke

Stroke is a general term that is used to describe an injury to the brain caused by either bleeding (referred to as hemorrhagic stroke) or a lack of oxygen due...

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Condition

Tennis Elbow

Tennis elbow is an injury to the tendons attaching the forearm muscles to the outer part of the elbow.

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Condition

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a serious congenital heart defect where the heart’s anatomy prevents enough oxygen-poor (blue) blood from flowing to the lungs to receive oxygen.

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Condition

Thumb Duplication (Pre-Axial Polydactyly)

Children with thumb duplication have two thumbs on one hand.

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Condition

Thumb Hypoplasia & Aplasia

Thumb hypoplasia means that your child’s thumb is unusually small or underdeveloped. Thumb aplasia means that your child’s thumb is missing altogether.

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Condition

Toileting Issues

Toileting difficulties include inability/refusal to toilet train, constipation, encopresis, daytime wetting, and bedwetting.

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Condition

Trigger Thumb

Trigger thumb refers to a thumb that catches, locks, or gets stuck in a flexed position.

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Condition

Trisomies and Monosomies

A trisomy and a monosomy are types of numerical chromosome abnormalities that can cause certain birth defects.

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Condition

Williams Syndrome

Williams syndrome is a rare developmental disorder that can affect many parts of the body, including the heart and blood vessels.

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