Related Conditions & Treatments | Boston Children's Hospital

Condition

Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neurologic condition that can cause muscle weakness and possible paralysis.

Condition

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

In the form of leukemia known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a group of white blood cells called lymphocytes is affected.

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Condition

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, is a quickly progressing type of blood cancer.

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Condition

Adamantinoma

Adamantinomas are slow-growing cancerous bone tumors that form primarily in the tibia (shin bone) but occasionally in the jaw, forearm, hands, or feet.

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Condition

Adrenal Tumors

Adrenal tumors are masses that grow in the adrenal gland, the organ responsible for producing hormones in response to physical and emotional stress.

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Condition

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare cancer that forms in the outer layer of the adrenal glands.

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Condition

Anaplastic Astrocytomas

Anaplastic astrocytomas are brain tumors that arise from brain cells called astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell.

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Condition

Anemia

One of the most common pediatric blood disorders, anemia has many potential causes.

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Condition

Angiofibroma

Angiofibroma is a relatively rare tumor that grows in the back of the nasal cavity. It occurs almost exclusively in adolescent boys.

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Condition

Angiosarcoma

Angiosarcoma is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that line the blood vessels or lymph vessels.

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Condition

Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia occurs when the bone marrow produces too few cells.

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Condition

Astrocytoma

Astrocytomas are tumors that arise in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination.

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Condition

ATRT

An atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a very rare, aggressive tumor of the central nervous system.

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Condition

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder that occurs when a person’s own red blood cells burst.

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Condition

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is a genetic disorder that can cause an overgrowth of particular body parts.

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Treatment

Blood Transfusions

A blood transfusion is the process of transferring blood or one of its components from one person to another.

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Condition

Brain Tumors

Childhood brain tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), but both types can be life-threatening.

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Condition

Burkitt Lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma (aka small noncleaved cell lymphoma) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system.

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Condition

Carcinoid Tumors

Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that can develop in the appendix, gastrointestinal tract, or lungs.

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Condition

Carney Triad

Carney triad is a rare condition that describes the occurrence of three kinds of endocrine tumors in the same patient.

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Treatment

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to stop cancer cells from multiplying in the body.

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Condition

Cholesteatoma

Cholesteatoma is the accumulation of skin in an abnormal location, typically behind the eardrum.

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Condition

Chondroblastoma

Chondroblastomas occur when chondroblasts grow out of control and cause a benign (non-cancerous) tumor.

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Condition

Chondromas

Chondromas are benign (not cancerous) tumors made of cartilage that are found mostly in the small bones of the hand and feet.

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Condition

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that typically develops in the cartilage that coats the ends of bones and forms joints.

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Condition

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immune system disorder that occurs when a type of white blood cell does not work properly.

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Condition

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a form of leukemia that develops in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy center of long bones.

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Condition

Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia

Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by a severely low number of megakaryocytes.

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Condition

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a group of rare, inherited, conditions characterized by ineffective red blood cell production.

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Condition

Congenital Nevi (Moles) in Children

Learn about congenital nevi in children from Boston Children’s Hospital. Find out about causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for your child.

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Condition

Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia

Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a group of rare inherited disorders that decrease the number of red blood cells.

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Condition

Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma is a childhood brain tumor.

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Condition

Cyclic Neutropenia

Cyclic neutropenia is a rare blood disorder that occurs when the body commonly has fewer white blood cells than normal.

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Condition

Desmoid Tumor

Desmoid tumors are thought to develop from the fibrous tissue that forms tendons and ligaments.

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Condition

Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

Diamond Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic blood disorder that occurs when the bone marrow fails to make red blood cells.

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Condition

Dyskeratosis Congenita

Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare condition that can often cause bone marrow failure.

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Condition

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor or anomaly that arises from the cells lining the blood vessels.

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Condition

Evans Syndrome

Evans Syndrome is a common blood disorder that occurs when the body has fewer red blood cells than normal.

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Condition

Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a kind of cancer that grows in bones or soft tissues.

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Condition

Fanconi Anemia

Fanconi anemia is a severe lifelong condition that requires ongoing medical treatment. Boston Children's Hospital can help.

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Condition

Fibrosarcoma

A fibrosarcoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that originates in the connective fibrous tissue found at the ends of bones of the arm or legs, and then spreads to other...

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Condition

Ganglioglioma

A ganglioglioma is low-grade tumor of mixed cell type.

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Treatment

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique used in an effort to treat or prevent disease.

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Condition

Generalized Lymphatic Anomaly

Generalized lymphatic anomaly, or lymphangiomatosis, is a rare condition involving the abnormal overgrowth of lymphatic vessels in the lungs, pleura, bones, and soft tissue.

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Condition

Germ Cell Brain Tumors

Germ cell tumors of the brain develop from germ cells — the cells that later become sperm in the testicles or eggs in the ovaries.

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Condition

Germ Cell Tumors

Germ cell tumors are masses of tissue formed by immature cells that normally would have developed into mature eggs or sperm.

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Condition

Germinoma

A germinoma is a type of germ cell tumor that is most often found in the brain.

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Condition

Giant Cell Tumor

A giant cell tumor is a benign solitary tumor that usually grows in the ends of long bones, and contains unusually large cells.

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Condition

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a condition in which the normal fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises. The fluid collects and eventually causes loss of vision.

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Condition

Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are high-grade gliomas that arise from the brain’s supportive tissue (glial cells).

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Condition

Glioma

A glioma is a kind of brain tumor that originates from glial cells, which support and nourish neurons in the brain.

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Condition

Hamartoma

A hamartoma is an abnormal growth that's made up of the same tissue from which it grows.

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Condition

Hemangiopericytoma

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor that grows in the body’s soft tissue, which includes fat, muscles, tendons, nerves, blood vessels and other fibrous tissue.

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Condition

Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic anemia is a sub-type of anemia, a common blood disorder that occurs when the body has fewer red blood cells than normal.

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Condition

Hemolytic Disease

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when the blood types of a mother and baby are incompatible.

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Condition

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder that slows the body’s ability for form blood clots.

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Condition

Hepatoblastoma

Hepatoblastoma is a type of liver cancer in children.

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Condition

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma, also called liver carcinoma, is a rare, aggressive type of liver cancer.

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Condition

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that causes cells in the lymphatic system to abnormally reproduce.

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Treatment

Home Hydration

Home Hydration lets patients sleep in their own beds, eat home cooked meals, and spend more time with friends and family.

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Condition

Hydrops Fetalis

Hydrops fetalis — or hydrops — is when large amounts of fluid build up in a baby’s tissues and organs, causing extensive swelling.

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Condition

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder where your child's body attacks its own platelets and destroys them too quickly.

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Condition

IRIDA

Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) is a rare, inherited form of iron deficiency anemia.

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Treatment

Iron Chelation Therapy

Iron chelation drugs are used to treat an excess of iron in the body.

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Condition

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when red blood cell counts are low due to a lack of iron.

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Condition

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) occurs when a child has too many of a certain cell type called Langerhans cells.

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Condition

Large Cell Lymphoma

Large cell lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

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Condition

Leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma is a cancer of the muscle, particularly of soft tissue.

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Condition

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a hereditary condition that is often associated with a pathogenic variant in the TP53 gene.

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Treatment

Limb-Salvage Surgery

Limb-salvage surgery is a surgical option for children with a malignant tumor in a long bone of their leg or arm.

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Condition

Liposarcoma

Liposarcoma is a malignant soft tissue tumor that develops in fat tissue.

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Condition

Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a cancer of immature cells of the immune system.

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Treatment

Lymphoscintigraphy

Lymphoscintigraphy is a noninvasive medical imaging test that can help your doctors diagnose problems related to the lymphatic system.

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Condition

Malignant Fibrous Histiocystoma

A malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a type of cancerous tumor that can start in bone or in the soft tissues that connect, support, or surround organs and other body parts.

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Condition

Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor

A malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare childhood tumor that commonly starts in the kidneys but also can occur in other soft tissues or in the brain.

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Condition

Medulloblastoma

A medulloblastoma is a brain tumor located in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls complex motor functions.

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Condition

Megaloblastic Anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells and a decrease in the number of those cells.

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Condition

Melanoma

Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer that begins in melanocytes — cells that make melanin — of normal skin or moles and spreads rapidly and widely.

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Condition

Meningioma

Meningioma is a slow-growing and usually non-cancerous tumor that originates in the meninges, the membrane layer covering the brain and spinal cord.

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Condition

MPN

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a rare, closely related group of blood disorders in which the bone marrow overproduces red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

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Condition

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is an inherited genetic multiple endocrine neoplasia that causes tumors to grow in several of the body’s hormone-producing, endocrine organs.

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Condition

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a rare disease of the blood, only occurring in four out of every 1 million children.

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Condition

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare cancer that arises in the nasal cavity and pharynx (throat).

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Condition

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor that begins in nerve tissue of young children.

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Condition

Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors, also known as NETs, are growths that develop from specialized, hormone-producing neuroendocrine tissue distributed throughout the body.

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Condition

Neurofibrosarcoma

Neurofibrosarcomas (peripheral nerve sheath tumors) are malignant tumors that form in the soft tissues surrounding the peripheral nerves.

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Condition

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) all start in lymph tissue and share some similarities in how the cells look under a microscope.

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Condition

Osteoblastoma

Osteoblastoma is a benign, bone-forming tumor that’s most often found in the lower vertebrae of the spine or long bones of the lower extremity.

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Condition

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer among children, adolescents, and young adults.

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Condition

Paraganglioma and Pheochromocytoma

Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are tumors that develop out of the neuroendocrine tissue responsible for making epinephrine.

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Condition

Pearson Syndrome

Pearson syndrome is a very rare condition that affects various parts of the body, and it is caused by a mutation — or changing of structure — in the mitochondrial...

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Condition

PK Deficiency

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare, genetic, lifelong condition that affects red blood cells.

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Condition

Platelet Function Disorders

A platelet function disorder is when blood may not be able to clot normally, which results in an increased risk of bleeding.

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Condition

Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare, benign brain tumor that likely arises from cells in the nervous system that make up the supportive network for the brain.

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Condition

Polycythemia

Polycythemia is a blood disorder occurring when there are too many red blood cells in the body.

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Condition

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) and pineoblastoma are a group of tumors defined by their appearance and are thought to develop from primitive (undeveloped) nerve cells in the brain.

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Condition

PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a genetic disorder caused by a defect in a gene called PTEN.

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Treatment

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA, the genetic material in a cell.

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Condition

Red Blood Cell Disorders

Red blood cell (RBC) disorders are conditions that affect red blood cells, the cells of blood that carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.

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Treatment

Rotationplasty

Rotationplasty is a surgical procedure used to treat bone tumors in children that occur near the knee.

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Condition

Schwannoma (Neurilemoma)

Schwannoma (also called neurilemoma) is a benign tumor that can arise from any nerve in the body, but tends to favor certain nerves located in the head and neck

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Condition

Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare, inherited bone marrow failure, characterized by a low number of white blood cells, poor growth due to difficulty absorbing food, and, in some cases...

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Condition

Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder where cells cluster together, making it difficult for them to move through small blood vessels, thus denying oxygen to the blood.

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Treatment

Splenectomy

A splenectomy is a surgical procedure to remove your child's spleen if it's diseased or not functioning.

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Treatment

Stem Cell Transplant

A stem cell transplant (also called bone marrow transplant) is the infusion of healthy stem cells into the body to stimulate new bone marrow growth.

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Condition

Synovial Sarcoma

Synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumor of the soft tissues, usually around joints.

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Condition

Teratoma

A teratoma is a congenital (present prior to birth) tumor formed by different types of tissue.

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Condition

Testicular Tumors

A testicular tumor is a growth on the testicles.

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Condition

Thalassemia

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes the body to produce less hemoglobin than normal.

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Condition

Thrombosis

Thrombosis is a blood clot that develops within veins or arteries in the body.

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Condition

Thyroid Cancer

Pediatric thyroid cancer (also called thyroid carcinoma) occurs when cells in the thyroid gland become abnormal and grow out of control.

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Condition

Tumors of the Pancreas

Tumors of the pancreas can develop from the pancreas’ exocrine cells, which make enzymes to aid in digestion, or endocrine cells, which produce hormones such as insulin and glucagon that...

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Condition

Urologic Tumors

Urologic tumors are tumors that occur in a child's urinary tract.

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Condition

Von Willebrand Disease

Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by an abnormal blood-clotting protein.

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Treatment

ZYNTEGLO

ZYNTEGLO™, also called beti-cel (betibeglogene autotemcel), is a gene therapy for children and adults with beta-thalassemia who require regular transfusions of red blood cells.

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