Enchondroma

Enchondromas are non-cancerous cartilage tumors that can occur in the arms and legs.

• Enchondromas are the most common type of bone tumor in the hand.
• Boys and girls of any racial background can be affected.
• In general, enchondromas appear in adolescence or early adulthood.
• Most researchers believe that enchondromas occur as a result of abnormal growth of the cartilage from the growth plate at the ends of the bones.
• Others believe that enchondromas grow from pockets of embryonic cartilage.

An enchondroma may appear as a solitary tumor or as multiple tumors. In cases that involve multiple tumors, the following conditions may be diagnosed:

• Ollier's disease (enchondromatosis): multiple enchondromas in various sites of the body much less common than cases of single enchondroma.
• Maffucci syndrome: multiple enchondromas associated with soft-tissue hemangiomas (benign tumors made up of blood vessels).

Most enchondromas don’t cause any symptoms. However, some children may experience pain in the affected area if any, or a combination of, the following occur:

• The tumor becomes very large.
• The tumor causes weakness of the affected bone, leading to a fracture.
• The tumor causes abnormal growth of the affected area.

Your child’s doctor will diagnose an enchondroma after doing a thorough medical history and physical examination.

In addition, the following diagnostic tests may also be performed:

• X-rays: A diagnostic test that uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test is particularly useful in identifying tumors in areas that are difficult to image on a plain X-ray.
• Computerized tomography scan (also called CT or CAT scan): A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs.
• Bone scan: A nuclear imaging method to evaluate any degenerative and/or arthritic changes in the joints, to detect bone diseases and tumors, and to determine the cause of bone pain or inflammation.

Your child will receive individualized treatment decided upon by his doctor. The doctor will take into the account the following information:

• Your child's general health
• Your child's medical history
• The extent of the condition

If your child shows no sign of bone weakness or continued tumor growth, your child's doctor may decide to simply observe the affected area to make sure the tumor is not getting worse.

Your child's doctor will recommend surgical removal of the enchondroma if it has caused:

• Pain
• Fracture

Your child's doctor may also recommend surgery if the tumor has grown abnormally or if your child has multiple tumors.

Surgical treatment typically involves removing the enchondroma and using bone grafts to help in healing the area of the surgery.

It depends on the severity of the condition, but most enchondromas respond well to treatment and do not recur.

Experts in the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Program at Boston Children’s are devoted to caring for children and teenagers with enchondroma and other bone and soft tissue disorders.

Our multidisciplinary approach to care ensures that your child’s case receives careful consideration from experts in several fields before your care team develops a personalized treatment plan.