One gene I have studied is c-fos. Surprisingly, ES cells deficient for c-fos proliferate and differentiate in vitro as well as wild-type ES cells. Likewise, they can contribute to a wide variety of tissues in chimeric mice. Thus, c-fos is not required for the proliferation or differentiation of at least some cell types.
I have also studied members of the E2F family of genes. E2F is a transcription factor believed to be important for cell cycle progression. To study the transcription factor E2F I have produced transgenic mice deficient in E2F1, a component of E2F. While E2F1 is not required for cell cycle progression or grossly normal embryonic development, it is required for the normal function of a physiologic pathway of apoptotic cell death. This finding suggests that E2F1 plays a role in linking the cell cycle to apoptotic cell death.
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