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Fragile X Program
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Home Clinical Services Fragile X Program What Is Fragile X?
Flower What Is Fragile X?
Image Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a hereditary condition that can cause learning and behavioral problems in both males and females. It is the most common known cause of mental impairment.

The range of impairment seen in those with fragile X is very broad, including those with normal IQ and mild learning disabilities to mental retardation and autism. In addition, certain behavioral and emotional problems such as hyperactivity, social anxiety and mood disorders may be present.

Characteristics of FXS
Those with fragile X syndrome have certain physical, behavioral and intellectual characteristics seen in both males and females. Not everyone with fragile X syndrome will have all of the mentioned characteristics.

Physical characteristics

Males with fragile X often have the following:

  • large ears
  • a long and narrow face
  • prominent foreheads and chins
  • flat feet
  • large testicles (macroorchidism)
Females with fragile X may also show distinct physical characteristics, including:
  • large ears
  • flexible finger joints
  • flat feet
Intellectual and behavioral characteristics

In addition to physical characteristics, certain intellectual and behavioral characteristics are associated with fragile X syndrome, including:

  • delayed speech
  • repetitive and unclear speech
  • hyperactivity and short attention spans
  • autistic-like features, including poor eye contact, hand biting, hand flapping and hypersensitivity to their environment
The majority of females with fragile X syndrome show learning difficulties, short attention span, shyness and social anxiety.

Everyone is different, so those with fragile X syndrome may have just a few or many of the above mentioned features.

Medical Concerns
Unlike many other genetic conditions, fragile X syndrome does not cause many medical complications. Health problems that may occur include recurrent ear infections, eye problems, mitral valve prolapse (a leaky heart valve which occurs in about 50% of adults with fragile X syndrome), and seizures (which occurs in about 20% of children and adults with fragile X syndrome).

People with fragile X syndrome may also have problems with their connective tissues (bone, cartilage, etc.). This may cause problems such as flat feet. Joint dislocations are uncommon but may occur.

Strengths
Children with fragile X syndrome often have a good sense of humor, excellent memories and great imitation skills. Although they may have social anxiety or shyness, they have a strong desire for social interactions and are often described as loving or sweet. People with fragile X syndrome often have a strong empathy for the feelings of others as well.

Although many people with fragile X syndrome have some cognitive difficulty, all are capable of learning. Most children will progress in school, at their own pace, and develop basic academic skills. Finding learning techniques that work for your child can help them achieve these skills.

Many adults with fragile X syndrome can learn to take care of themselves and work at a job. It is important to remember that people with fragile X syndrome, just like those without it, differ greatly and will have different strengths and weaknesses.

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