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VUR is a condition that affects about 1 percent of all children. VUR occurs when urine that resides in the bladder flows back into the ureters and back into the kidney.
Normally, urine flows down from the kidneys and passes through tubes called the ureters, which then enter the bladder. When a child has vesicoureteral reflux, the urine flows in the wrong direction into the kidney, which causes the bacteria that normally leave the body in the urine to come back into the kidney. This, in turn, causes pylonephritis, which is an infection of the kidney.
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