Some tests our physicians may use to diagnose and evalute your child include:

Family samples
In many cases, we also ask for blood samples from family members. This is because many blood disorders are inherited and passed on from parents to children. The samples you provide will help identify the cause of your child's condition. When family samples are requested, sometimes results brought from an outside physician/lab will suffice. If we request a new sample, we aim to be sure that appropriate insurance approvals can be obtained.

Bone aspirate or biopsy
A sample of bone marrow, (the substance in the center of bones that produces white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets), is collected from your child's hip bone. A needle is placed in the hip and a syringe is used to withdraw a sample of the bone marrow. If a biopsy is done, a small sliver of bone is taken from the same insertion site. The sample is then examined for abnormalities. This procedure is usually performed in the operating rooms, the emergency department or a treatment room of the hospital, and your child will be lightly sedated so they will not remember the procedure.

Genetic testing
Samples of blood, bone marrow, or cheek brushing (collected from inside the cheek with a swab) can be analyzed in genetic testing. This testing is used to identify the genes that can cause some blood problems. More complex genetic analysis may identify mutations in genes. A chromosome breakage test measures the amount of damage to chromosomes after exposure to a chemical that is known to damage them.

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT or CT) Scan
A CAT or CT scan is an x-ray that takes pictures to provide imaging that helps identify and measure the presence of abnormal cells, bleeding, or blood clots throughout the body. This is a non-invasive procedure, but procedural sedation or general anesthesia may be used if needed to help your child remain still. In many cases, children will have to swallow and/or receive a contrast by IV to help visualize certain body areas. The procedure takes about 20 minutes.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
An MRI, a safe test that provides detailed images of the inside of the body, is used to identify and measure iron in the heart or liver, heart function, and to see blood vessels in great detail. Your child will be placed inside a tunnel like machine, and they may be given a procedural sedative or general anesthesia to help them remain still and to decrease anxiety. The machine is very noisy. In many cases, children will have to receive a contrast material by IV to help visualize certain body areas. The procedure takes approximately 20 minutes.

Ultrasound
A test that creates a moving picture of the inside of the body to measure blood flow, to measure organs like the spleen, to look for gallstones, and indicate other necessary diagnostic tests. It utilizes painless ultrasound waves that present no risk to your child.

X-ray
An X-ray takes an internal picture of the bones and organs. They show size and shape, and can be used for many reasons, including diagnosing a possible infection, blockage or tumor.