Treatments for thalassemia range for each form of the illness. Milder versions of the disorder may call for no treatment except medical monitoring and perhaps genetic counseling as patients approach adulthood. More serious forms of thalassemia may require occasional or regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy to remove excess iron. Sometimes removal of the spleen is indicated.

Careful monitoring of thalassemia patients, particularly those who have significant anemia or who require regular transfusions, is essential to preserve health and well-being. In addition to hematologists, thalassemia patients may require the care of a number of medical specialists who understand the disease and its particular implications. Specialists may include: cardiologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, audiologists, ophthalmologists, infectious disease specialists, bone marrow transplant physicians and genetic counselors.

Treatments for thalassemia may include: