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Increased pressure inside the skull can cause brain damage, so it may be necessary to monitor intracranial pressure following surgery or in cases of hydrocephalus, brain tumor, infection or brain injury.
Intracranial pressure is measured in three ways. One way is to place a small hollow tube, called an intraventricular catheter, into the fluid-filled space in the brain (ventricle). Other times, a small hollow device, called a subarachnoid bolt or screw, is placed through the skull into the space just inside the covering of the brain. Both of these devices are inserted by a neurosurgeon either in the intensive care unit or in the operating room and they both allow health care providers to withdraw excess fluid when it builds up. If a neurosurgeon is not immediately available, another surgeon may place an epidural sensor, which extends only to the space outside the brain's membranes.
Attached to a monitor, the ICP device gives a constant reading of the pressure inside the skull. If the pressure goes up, it can be treated right away. While the ICP device is in place, your child will be given medication to stay comfortable. When the swelling has gone down and there is little chance of more swelling, the device will be removed.
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