Gynecomastia is a condition in which above average amounts of firm breast tissue form in males. The breast tissue is usually less than 2 inches across and is located directly under either one nipple or both nipples.

How common is gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is not unusual or abnormal in adolescent boys. Temporary breast enlargement often happens during adolescence when there are hormonal changes.

What causes gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is usually caused by changes in hormones during puberty or as part of aging, possibly by changes in the balance of the two hormones, estrogen and testosterone.

In rare cases, gynecomastia can be caused by prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, illegal drugs (such as marijuana and steroids) or tumors.

Gynecomastia can also be caused by certain genetic disorders and conditions (such as Klinefelter Syndrome).

Is gynecomastia physically harmful?

Gynecomastia is not physically harmful, although it can occasionally indicate more serious underlying conditions. Occasionally, males with gynecomastia experience tenderness that can be treated with medications. Males with gynecomastia usually experience psychological and social issues rather than physical problems.

What are the psychological effects of gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia can have a major emotional impact on males and can include feelings of shame, embarrassment and depression. Males with gynecomastia often hide their chests in public or withdraw socially and avoid discussing their concerns with parents and peers.

What is the treatment for gynecomastia?

In most cases, no treatment is needed for gynecomastia. In 90 percent of teenage boys, gynecomastia goes away in less than three years. A physician should still monitor the condition every few months.

For the remaining 10 percent of males who continue to have gynecomastia, treating the underlying cause may improve the condition. If medications are causing gynecomastia, they may be stopped or changed. In overweight males, weight loss sometimes helps remedy gynecomastia. An evaluation by an experienced plastic surgeon is often suggested because cosmetic surgery can surgically remove the breast tissue. Some males choose to live with the condition.