There are several theories as to what causes varicoceles, however, none have been conclusively proven.

In older adult males, varicoceles have been associated with decreased fertility, but this occurs in a minority of patients with varicoceles. The relationship between the size of the varicocele and the potential risk for infertility is unclear

Once it's detected, an adolescent should be referred to a pediatric urologic specialist who will do a complete evaluation of the condition that includes a complete health history, physical examination and a scrotal/testicular ultrasound. We have found that the testicular ultrasound is the best test to compare the size of the testicles. Based on this assessment, your pediatric urologist will discuss options and recommend the best course of therapy.

If on the other hand, your child is experiencing discomfort of any kind, your doctor will probably recommend a simple surgical procedure, performed routinely on an outpatient basis, called a varicocelectomy. Adult men who are having problems with fertility may also opt for this surgery. During this procedure, anesthesia is administered and doctors make a small skin incision and remove only the veins that are causing the problem. Discuss with your pediatric urologist whether this is a viable option for your son.