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Gorham syndrome (Gorham-Stout syndrome) is a type of LM occuring in bone(s) causing destruction of the bony architecture. Other terms for Gorham syndrome are disappearing bone disease, phantom bone disease, Trinquoste syndrome, or (when involving the arm) hemangiomatosis braquial osteolytica of Martorell. When it involves the bones of the chest wall, Gorham syndrome can be associated with chylothorax (leakage of lymphatic fluid into the chest cavity). A severe and generalized form of Gorham syndrome is known as Haferkamp syndrome.
Milroy disease is an inherited lymphedema that is present at birth. It is characterized by lymphedema, a generalized swelling (usually in the lower limbs) due to trapped tissue fluid (lymph). The skin of the involved limbs of infants with Milroy disease may appear pink, but this discoloration is not due to malformed capillaries. The lymph nodes of individuals with Milroy disease show fibrosis, a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue. Mutations in the gene for VEGFR3 cause this inheritable disorder
Lymphangioma circumscriptum is confined to the skin and subcutaneous (beneath the skin) layer. An abnormal collection of tiny lymphatic cysts, it is often more widespread than it appears.
Angiokeratoma, refers to a group of skin lesions that are raised, dark red to black in color, and approximately 1 to 10 mm in size. The three major types of angiokeratoma-Mibelli, Fordyce, and Fabry-are named for the physicians who first described them. Angiokeratoma of Mibelli lesions occur on the hands or feet, Fordyce lesions appear on the scrotum, and Fabry lesions occur on the thighs or trunk. Although they often look very similar, there are notable differences among these three types of lesions. Because these lesions often bleed spontaneously or following abrasion, treatment such as electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, or laser therapy may be required to control bleeding.
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