In Wilson's disease, the copper is not released into the bile, but rather builds up in the liver. This causes progressive damage to the liver. Eventually, the copper is released into the bloodstream and deposits in other organs including the brain, kidneys and eyes (corneas). Without treatment, the disease may cause severe complications, including some that are life-threatening.

• Jaundice
• Abdominal pain and/or swelling
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Enlargement of the liver and spleen
• Anemia
• Softening of the bones
• Liver failure
• Kayser-Fleischer rings (brown rings of copper in the outer part of the eye that can be detected through an eye exam)

• Tremors
• Difficulty walking
• Speech and language problems
• Changes in behavior
• Difficulty with motor skills (such as writing, talking and balancing)

Your doctor may also recommend genetic testing to determine whether other family members may be affected or may be carriers for the gene that causes Wilson's disease.

Once the existing copper is removed from the body, taking zinc may help to prevent it from reaccumulating. Zinc helps to block the body's absorption of copper. Dietary changes may also be recommended in conjunction with medication therapy, including taking vitamin B6 supplements (only if taking penicillamine) and avoiding foods high in copper such as mushrooms, nuts, chocolate, dried fruit, liver and shellfish.

It is important to diagnose and treat Wilson's disease as early as possible. Symptoms of the disease are progressive and, left untreated, may cause irreversible damage. In advanced stages of liver disease brought on by Wilson's disease, liver transplantation may be necessary.